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. 2018 Nov 20;8:17100. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35281-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of hot water and hypochlorite treatment on seeds. The percentage of (A) contamination and (B) germination of I. sanguinea seeds after soaking overnight in water at 40, 70, 80, or 90 °C and sterilization with 4% NaOCl for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Values represent Mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Different letters on the bars indicate significant differences with each other (P < 0.05), while same letters indicate the lack of significance, as determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s post-test.