Table 1.
Characteristics of adult (age ≥20 years) C8 health population by diabetes status, mean ± SD, median (IQR) or % (n)
| Characteristics | Diabetes (n=5,210) | No diabetes (n=48,440) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age, years | 57.8±13.5 | 45.1±15.4 | <0.0001 |
| Sex, male | 49.5 (2,577) | 47.2 (22,862) | 0.002 |
| Race, White | 96.3 (5,017) | 97.4 (47,166) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 5.6 (2.3–11.8) | – | – |
| BMI, m/kg2 | 33.1±7.5 | 28.3±6.1 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.4±22.5 | 88.1±19.1 | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.02±0.42 | 0.94±0.26 | <0.0001 |
| CKD | 22.5 (1,173) | 7.1 (3,431) | <0.0001 |
| Anemia | 12.1 (631) | 3.7 (1,786) | <0.0001 |
| In those with CKD | 28.0 (328) | 11.6 (399) | <0.0001 |
| In those without CKD | 7.5 (303) | 3.1 (1,387) | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.1±1.5 | 14.6±1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Serum iron, µ/dL | 78.5±29.9 | 87.5±34.7 | <0.0001 |
| HDLc, mg/dL | 45.6±12.2 | 50.1±14.6 | <0.0001 |
| LDLc, mg/dL | 98.6±36.5 | 114.1±34.7 | <0.0001 |
| White blood cell count, ×103/µL | 7.6±3.1 | 7.3±2.2 | <0.0001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.8 (1.2–6.3) | 1.8 (0.80–4.20) | <0.0001 |
| PFAS | |||
| PFHxS, ng/mL | 2.7 (1.7–4.3) | 3.0 (1.9–4.8) | <0.0001 |
| PFOA, ng/mL | 28.6 (12.6–72.7) | 28.0 (13.6–71.4) | 0.15 |
| PFOS, ng/mL | 21.2 (13.7–31.4) | 20.2 (13.6–29.1) | 0.11 |
| PFNA, ng/mL | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PFAS, perfluoroalkyl acids; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate.