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. 2018 Sep 5;118(12):2563–2576. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3981-1

Table 3.

Mean energy expenditure during each combination of walking velocity and angle

	0°	45°	90°	180°
Absolute $\dot{V} O_{2}$ (l min^− 1)
2.5 km h^− 1	0.40 ± 0.10	0.40 ± 0.10	0.42 ± 0.10	0.42 ± 0.10
3.5 km h^− 1	0.44 ± 0.11^a	0.44 ± 0.10	0.47 ± 0.11	0.50 ± 0.13^a,b
4.5 km h^− 1	0.52 ± 0.11^a	0.51 ± 0.12^a	0.53 ± 0.11^a	0.60 ± 0.15^a,b
5.5 km h^− 1	0.62 ± 0.13^a	0.60 ± 0.13^a	0.63 ± 0.15^a	0.75 ± 0.17^a,b
Scaled $\dot{V} O_{2}$ (l kg^−0.79 min⁻¹)
2.5 km h^− 1	24.75 ± 4.40	25.08 ± 4.40	26.25 ± 4.34	26.00 ± 4.99
3.5 km h^− 1	27.62 ± 5.18^a	27.56 ± 5.14	29.27 ± 4.58^a	31.26 ± 6.06^a
4.5 km h^− 1	32.84 ± 5.55^a	32.06 ± 6.10^a	33.41 ± 5.73^a	37.39 ± 6.71^a
5.5 km h^− 1	38.73 ± 7.06^a	37.79 ± 6.51^a	39.41 ± 7.26^a	47.11 ± 8.41^a,b

Mean ± SD

$\dot{V} O_{2}$ oxygen uptake

^aSignificant difference to 2.5 km h^− 1 within angle (p < 0.006)

^bSignificant difference to straight walking within speed (p < 0.006)