Table 1.

Epigenetic modifiers

Epigenetic modifier	Full name	Modification	Function in progression
PRC2	Polycomb repressive complex 2	Histone methylation (H3K27me2 & H3K27me3)	In the transition from DCIS to IDC, there is an enrichment in altered methylation of PRC2 target genes
EZH2	Enhancer of zeste homolog 2	Histone lysine N-methyltransferse catalytic subunit of PRC2	Expression increases between normal, DCIS and IDC
LSD1	Lysine-specific demethylase 1	H3K4 and H3K9 histone methylation eraser	LSD1 expression increases with DCIS grade
HOTAIR	HOX Transcript Antisense RNA	Binds and redirects PRC2 and LSD1 to silence target genes	Expression increases between normal, DCIS and IDC. Likely redirects PRC2
KDM5C	Lysine (K)-Specific Demethylase 5C	Demethylates Lys-4 of histone H3	Functions to regulate enhancer activity
RACK7	Histone reader	Recruits KDM5C to enhancer regions	Expression decreases between DCIS and IDC

Indicated epigenetic modifiers have been implicated in early breast cancer progression. Each has the potential to modify chromatin at hundreds of locations resulting in global chromatin remodeling