Table 2.
Characteristics of the sports groups and the control group before (PRE) and after (POST) the 9-month intervention programme
| Swimmers | Footballers | Cyclists | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 93) | Intervention (N = 19) |
Control (N = 18) |
Intervention (N = 15) |
Control (N = 15) |
Intervention (N = 14) |
Control (N = 12) |
||||||
| PRE | POST | PRE | POST | PRE | POST | PRE | POST | PRE | POST | PRE | POST | |
| Age (years) | 14.5 ± 0.9 | 15.3 ± 0.9 | 14.7 ± 1.1 | 15.4 ± 1.1 | 13.8 ± 1.0 | 14.6 ± 1.0 | 13.7 ± 0.8 | 14.5 ± 0.8 | 14.1 ± 1.1 | 14.9 ± 1.1 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | 14.9 ± 0.9 |
| Height (cm) | 170.3 ± 10.0 | 174.1 ± 9.6 | 172.8 ± 7.6 | 176.0 ± 6.9 | 160.5 ± 11.0 | 165.4 ± 11.1 | 163.3 ± 9.3 | 168.9 ± 9.1 | 168.2 ± 10.7 | 174.5 ± 8.2 | 162.7 ± 9.7 | 166.4 ± 9.6 |
| Body mass (kg) | 57.2 ± 9.0 | 62.6 ± 7.8 | 60.6 ± 7.2 | 63.6 ± 7.7 | 49.3 ± 10.8 | 54.8 ± 11.6 | 49.6 ± 7.4 | 55.4 ± 7.1 | 57.7 ± 13.0 | 62.6 ± 12.2 | 51.0 ± 12.4 | 55.2 ± 13.9 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 46.7 ± 9.4 | 51.2 ± 8.5 | 48.7 ± 8.2 | 51.9 ± 6.7 | 41.5 ± 10.0 | 46.1 ± 10.5 | 39.6 ± 7.4 | 44.9 ± 7.2 | 45.0 ± 7.9 | 49.5 ± 7.6 | 40.3 ± 8.6 | 44.0 ± 9.2 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 7.6 ± 3.1 | 8.5 ± 2.9 | 8.2 ± 3.4 | 8.7 ± 3.8 | 5.4 ± 2.2 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 7.1 ± 2.3 | 7.6 ± 3.5 | 9.9 ± 9.7 | 10.0 ± 9.7 | 8.1 ± 5.5 | 8.3 ± 6.5 |
| Years from PHV | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 1.0 |
| Maturation (I/II/III/IV/V) (%) | (10/10/10/50/20) | (0/0/11 /52/37) | (0/11/16 /47/26) | (0/0/6 /61/33) | (10/10/43/37/0) | (0/13/13 /40/34) | (0/22/28 /50/0) | (0/7/27 /40/27) | (7/7/20 /53/13) | (0/0/14 /43/43) | (8/15/8 /61/8) | (0/8/17 /42/33) |
| MVPA (min/day) | 61.3 ± 19.6 | 67.5 ± 19.6 | 59.6 ± 25.2 | 60.0 ± 18.1 | 97.7 ± 18.8 | 83.3 ± 18.5 | 89.6 ± 33.5 | 76.3 ± 22.4 | 85.6 ± 22.1 | 93.9 ± 15.7 | 88.9 ± 21.8 | 78.7 ± 13.4 |
| Training volume (h/week) | 7.9 ± 3.6 | 11.8 ± 5.4 | 10.2 ± 3.1 | 12.9 ± 5.4 | 10.2 ± 1.2 | 12.0 ± 2.8 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | 10.7 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 7.9 ± 3.8 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 8.2 ± 2.8 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2534 ± 382 | 2465 ± 221 | 2603 ± 425 | 2386 ± 133 | 2237 ± 517 | 2379 ± 262 | 2419 ± 620 | 2309 ± 234 | 2320 ± 280 | 2244 ± 166 | 2221 ± 325 | 2226 ± 152 |
| Protein intake (g/day) | 85.8 ± 30.9 | 89.8 ± 31.2 | 77.9 ± 28.5 | 82.8 ± 24.8 | 95.3 ± 21.6 | 97.1 ± 29.3 | 92.0 ± 35.3 | 90.1 ± 20.4 | 80.3 ± 13.3 | 88.0 ± 23.0 | 84.9 ± 28.9 | 86.4 ± 21.1 |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | 1237 ± 280 | 1118 ± 289 | 1155 ± 257 | 1109 ± 189 | 1342 ± 350 | 1231 ± 167 | 1177 ± 378 | 1179 ± 178 | 1183 ± 370 | 1253 ± 196 | 1385 ± 280 | 1279 ± 149 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation. No differences observed at PRE and POST between INT and CON groups of each specific sport, p > 0.05. Italicized values denote significant different values between PRE and POST, p < 0.05
MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; PHV, peak height velocity