Table 1.

Bivariate analysis by logistic regression of potential risk factors for the development of POUR

Factor	POUR	No POUR	OR	95% CI	p value
Total (n = 382)	16	366
Sex (n = 382)
Female (n = 124)	6	118	Ref
Male (n = 258)	10	248	0.79	0.28–2.23	0.661
Age (years, n = 382)	59.5	49.1	1.04	1.00–1.07	0.018
Age < 56 years (n = 238)	3	235	Ref
Age ≥ 56 years (n = 144)	13	131	7.77	2.18–27.78	0.002
IPSS (n = 155)
IPSS < 8 (n = 97)	3	94	Ref
IPSS ≥ 8 (n = 58)	2	56	1.12	0.18–6.90	0.904
BPH (n = 244)a
No BPH (n = 224)	9	215	Ref
BPH (n = 20)	1	19	1.26	0.15–10.46	0.832
LUTS (n = 379)
No LUTS (n = 306)	14	292	Ref
LUTS (n = 73)	2	71	0.58	0.13–2.64	0.488
Surgery type (n = 382)
Open hernia (n = 149)	4	145	Ref
Laparoscopic (n = 90)	8	82	3.37	1.03–12.10	0.044
Perianal (n = 143)	4	139	0.84	0.26–4.25	0.953
Operative time (min, n = 373)	43.4	39.8	1.00	0.98–1.01	0.644
Morphine dose (mg, n = 357)	20.6	19.4	1.00	0.98–2.03	0.760
Glycopyrrolate use (n = 357)
Glycopyrrolate not used (n = 297)	8	289	Ref
Glycopyrrolate used (n = 60)	8	52	5.56	2.00–15.46	0.001
Age ≥ 56 years and glycopyrrolate (n = 357)
Age < 56 years or glycopyrrolate not used (325)	9	316	Ref
Age ≥ 56 years and glycopyrrolate used (n = 32)	7	25	9.83	3.38–28.61	<0.001

Number of patients available for analysis indicated in brackets. Number of patients or mean value is given for each outcome for categorical and continuous variables (e.g. age) respectively. LUTS was defined as an IPSS ≥ 8 and/or BPH

^aBPH could only be recorded in male patients (n = 258), and data were not available for 14 patients