Table 9.
Occult cancers reported in the literature
| References | Subjects# | % of BRCA | # of BPM | # of Total PM | Occult cancer rate by total PM# | Pre-PM exam | Pathological method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hartmann [5] | 645 | NA | 645 | 1290 | 6/1290 (0.5%) | NA | NA |
| Meijers-Heijboer [6] | 76 | 100 | 76 | 152 | 1/152 (0.7%) LCIS:1, No DCIS or IDC |
PE, MMG, or MRI | 3 random blocks/quadrant |
| Yao [7] | 150 | 100 | 148 | 298 | 4/298 (1.3%) IDC:1, DCIS:3 |
PE, MMG, or US, All MRI | NA |
| Burger [8] | 71 | 8.5 | 12 | 83 | 4/83 (4.8%) ILC(3.5 mm):1, LCIS:3 |
NA | NA |
| Boughey [9] | 409 | 5.6 | 27 | 436 | 22/436 (5.0%) IDC:2, ILC:6 (IDC&ILC:2–9 mm) DCIS:14 |
PE, MMG | 2 section/each quadrant & nipple |
| van Sprundel [10] | 79 | 100 | 0 | 79 | 4/79 (5.1%) IDC(32 mm):1, DCIS:3 |
PE, radiological | NA |
| McLaughlin [11] | 529 | 9.3 | 84 | 613 | 33/613 (5.4%) IDC:10, DCIS:23 |
PE, MMG, (US and/or MRI), (235/529pts: MRI) | 2 section/each quadrant & nipple |
| Evans [12] | 105 | 100 | 0 | 105 | 6/105 (5.7%) IDC:4, DCIS:2 |
NA | NA |
| Hoogerbrugge [13] | 67 | 66 | 41 | 108 | 10/108 (9.3%) IDC(4 mm):1 DCIS(2–40 mm):9 (17/67pts: LCIS)a |
PE, MMG, 4/10pts MRI, (27/67pts: MRI) | 5 mm slices and radiological exam, then suspicious lesions and randomly selected each quadrant and nipple (Ave. 19 slides) |
| Kauff [14] | 24 | 100 | 7 | 31 | 3/31 (9.7%) DCIS(7–20 mm):3 (LCIS: 1)a |
MMG | 2–4 section/each quadrant& nipple |
| Black [15] | 173 | 17 | 19 | 192 | 19/192 (9.9%) IDC(1.5–10 mm):5, DCIS:14 |
59/173pts MRI | NA |
| Our study | 51 | 92 | 2 | 53 | 6/53 (11.3%) IDC(5 mm):1, DCIS:5 |
PE, MMG, US & MRI | About 1 cm slices |
BPM bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, IDC invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma, LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ, MMG mammography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, NA not available, PE physical examination, PM prophylactic mastectomy, US ultrasound
aLCIS were detected, but not included, as occult cancer cases, as they may co-exist with DCIS