Table 5.

National norm table for the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE-S Version) (for first-year students at the beginning of academic year from 41 campuses of colleges of osteopathic medicine in the United States)

JSE	Men (n = 3071)			Women (n = 2747)			Men and women combined (n = 5818)
Raw score	f	cf	Percentile rank	f	cf	Percentile rank	f	cf	Percentile rank
≤ 80	19	19	< 1	5	5	< 1	24	24	< 1
81–82	12	31	1	2	7	< 1	14	38	1
83–84	7	38	1	1	8	< 1	8	46	1
85–86	8	46	1	3	11	< 1	11	57	1
87–88	8	54	2	5	16	< 1	13	70	1
89–90	24	78	2	5	21	1	29	99	1
91–92	26	104	3	5	26	1	31	130	2
93–94	34	138	4	8	34	1	42	172	3
95–96	31	169	5	21	55	2	52	224	3
97–98	70	239	7	30	85	3	100	324	5
99–100	79	318	9	35	120	4	114	438	7
101–102	102	420	12	34	154	5	136	574	9
103–104	125	545	16	70	224	7	195	769	12
105–106	139	684	20	78	302	10	217	986	15
107–108	183	867	25	110	412	13	293	1279	19
109–110	199	1066	31	115	527	17	314	1593	25
111–112	211	1277	38	153	680	22	364	1957	31
113–114	218	1495	45	147	827	27	365	2322	37
115–116	221	1716	52	204	1031	34	425	2747	44
117–118	203	1919	59	207	1238	41	410	3157	51
119–120	208	2127	66	237	1475	49	445	3602	58
121–122	198	2325	72	211	1686	58	409	4011	65
123–124	175	2500	79	212	1898	65	387	4398	72
125–126	144	2644	84	203	2101	73	347	4745	79
127–128	119	2763	88	206	2307	80	325	5070	84
129–130	89	2852	91	161	2468	87	250	5320	89
131–132	92	2944	94	117	2585	92	209	5529	93
133–134	59	3003	97	82	2667	96	141	5670	96
135–136	37	3040	98	48	2715	98	85	5755	98
137–138	16	3056	99	28	2743	99	44	5799	99
139–140	15	3071	> 99	4	2747	> 99	19	5818	> 99

Excluded were respondents who did not select “male” or “female” (< 1%), and those who did not answer all items of the Infrequency Scale of the ZKPQ (used to identify respondents who attempted to make “good impression”). Only 2.5% of respondents scored above the cutoff score of > 3 on the Infrequency Scale who were excluded from data used for this norm table

f: Frequency

cf: Cumulative frequency