Table 1.
Characteristics for 3,307 CARDIA participants by quartile of coefficient of variability in FG from 1985–1986 to 2010–2011
| CV in FG (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P value* | |
| Range, CV % | 0.5, 5.2 | 5.2, 6.9 | 7.0, 9.3 | 9.4, 22.8 | |
| N | 826 | 827 | 827 | 827 | |
| Age at Y25, years | 50.2 (3.7) | 50.2 (3.6) | 50.1 (3.5) | 50.0 (3.7) | 0.75 |
| Women, n (%) | 460 (56) | 489 (59) | 467 (56) | 456 (55) | 0.37 |
| Black, n (%) | 338 (41) | 324 (39) | 378 (46) | 480 (58) | <0.0001 |
| Education at Y25, >4 years college, n (%) | 225 (27) | 224 (27) | 225 (27) | 162 (20) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker at Y0, n (%) | 181 (22) | 195 (24) | 212 (26) | 275 (33) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker at Y25, n (%) | 129 (16) | 127 (15) | 142 (17) | 185 (22) | <0.001 |
| No daily alcohol at Y0, n (%) | 320 (39) | 335 (41) | 290 (35) | 322 (39) | 0.09 |
| No daily alcohol at Y25, n (%) | 374 (45) | 364 (44) | 354 (43) | 397 (48) | 0.03 |
| BMI at Y0, kg/m2 | 24.6 (5.0) | 24.1 (4.7) | 24.3 (4.3) | 24.6 (5.2) | 0.08 |
| BMI at Y25, kg/m2 | 29.3 (6.9) | 29.4 (7.3) | 30.3 (6.9) | 31.3 (7.6) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP at Y0, mmHg | 110 (11) | 110 (11) | 109 (10) | 110 (11) | 0.45 |
| Systolic BP at Y25, mmHg | 117 (15) | 117 (15) | 119 (15) | 121 (16) | <0.0001 |
| BP medication use at Y0, n (%) | 22 (3) | 12 (1) | 18 (2) | 15 (2) | 0.34 |
| BP medication use at Y25, n (%) | 184 (22) | 182 (22) | 211 (26) | 290 (35) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity at Y0, exercise units | 418 (285) | 419 (288) | 427 (311) | 417 (302) | 0.89 |
| Physical activity at Y25, exercise units | 354 (265) | 350 (278) | 334 (264) | 319 (289) | 0.04 |
| LDL-C at Y0, mmol/L | 2.84 (0.78) | 2.82 (0.80) | 2.82 (0.83) | 2.84 (0.88) | 0.94 |
| LDL-C at Y25, mmol/L | 2.92 (0.83) | 2.92 (0.85) | 2.87 (0.80) | 2.84 (0.88) | 0.28 |
| Cholesterol medication use at Y25, n (%) | 107 (13) | 101 (12) | 131 (16) | 153 (19) | <0.01 |
| FG at Y0, mmol/L | 4.78 (0.39) | 4.61 (0.39) | 4.45 (0.39) | 4.34 (0.50) | <0.0001 |
| FG at Y25, mmol/L | 5.28 (1.33) | 5.28 (1.11) | 5.45 (1.22) | 5.95 (1.89) | <0.0001 |
| FG at variability censoring examination, mmol/L | 5.06 (0.44) | 5.06 (0.44) | 5.23 (0.50) | 5.50 (0.67) | <0.0001 |
| Change in FG, mmol/L | 0.28 (0.33) | 0.50 (0.39) | 0.78 (0.44) | 1.17 (0.72) | <0.0001 |
| Weighted average FG, mmol/L | 4.95 (9) | 4.89 (0.39) | 4.89 (0.39) | 4.84 (0.44) | <0.0001 |
| Incident diabetes by Y25, n (%) | 76 (9) | 61 (7) | 81 (10) | 152 (18) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 0.5 (2.2) | 0.3 (1.7) | 0.4 (1.6) | 0.8 (2.5) | <0.0001 |
| Number of glucose measurements | 4.8 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.3) | <0.0001 |
| CV, glucose | 3.9 (1.0) | 6.1 (0.5) | 8.1 (0.7) | 12.0 (2.9) | <0.0001 |
| ARV-FG mmol/L per year | 0.007 (0.004) | 0.011 (0.005) | 0.013 (0.006) | 0.017 (0.010) | <0.0001 |
| Proportion of ARV in positive direction | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.66 (0.20) | 0.71 (0.20) | 0.76 (0.21) | <0.0001 |
| Majority of ARV is in positive direction, n (%) | 572 (69) | 664 (80) | 708 (86) | 723 (87) | <0.0001 |
Data are means (SD) unless otherwise indicated. Y0, year 0; Y25, year 25.
*P value for global test: ANOVA for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 tests for categorical variables.