Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression for the presence of brain metastases at diagnosis of colorectal cancer
| Variable | Patients (no.)
|
Among entire cohort
|
Among the subset with metastatic disease
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | With brain metastases | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|
| ||||||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | P<0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| <40 | 5,239 | 11 (0.2%) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| 40-49 | 13,938 | 30 (0.2%) | 1.045 (0.519-2.103) | 0.902 | 1.027 (0.511-2.066) | 0.939 |
| 50-59 | 35,039 | 112 (0.3%) | 1.634 (0.871-3.064) | 0.126 | 1.754 (0.936-3.285) | 0.079 |
| 60-69 | 42,210 | 121 (0.3%) | 1.402 (0.748-2.629) | 0.292 | 1.473 (0.787-2.755) | 0.226 |
| >70 | 74,078 | 127 (0.2%) | 0.853 (0.454-1.603) | 0.621 | 0.963 (0.514-1.805) | 0.907 |
| Sex | NA | NA | ||||
| Male | 88,925 | 206 (0.2%) | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| Female | 81,467 | 195 (0.2%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| T stage | 0.005 | 0.007 | ||||
| Tis, T0, T1, T2 (0, 1, 2, 3) | 55,514 | 65 (0.1%) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| T3-T4 (4, 5) | 96,802 | 186 (0.2%) | 1.240 (0.899-1.710 | 0.189 | 1.456 (1.048-2.022) | 0.025 |
| Tx | 18,076 | 150 (0.8%) | 1.695 (1.224-2.347) | 0.001 | 1.085 (0.803-1.467) | 0.594 |
| N stage | 0.030 | NA | ||||
| N0 | 98,168 | 134 (0.1%) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | NA | |
| N1 | 39,027 | 118 (0.3%) | 1.408 (1.053-1.882) | 0.021 | NA | NA |
| N2 | 21,348 | 76 (0.4%) | 1.838 (1.202-2.811) | 0.005 | NA | NA |
| Nx | 11,849 | 73 (0.6%) | 1.273 (0.923-1.756) | 0.141 | NA | NA |
| Pathology grade | NA | 0.050 | ||||
| Well differentiated | 16,648 | 8 (0.0%) | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 102,478 | 160 (0.2%) | NA | NA | 0.581 (0.384-0.880) | 0.010 |
| Poorly differentiated | 23,548 | 100 (0.4%) | NA | NA | 1.006 (0.635-1.596) | 0.978 |
| Undifferentiated | 4,588 | 16 (0.3%) | NA | NA | 1.355 (0.745-2.463) | 0.320 |
| Unknown | 23,130 | 117 (0.5%) | 3.134 (1.516-6.480) | 0.002 | 5.149 (2.475-10.713) | <0.001 |
| Pathology type | <0.001 | 0.005 | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 151,257 | 339 (0.2%) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Mucinous carcinoma | 13,983 | 27 (0.2%) | 2.738 (1.336-5.613) | 0.006 | 2.874 (1.385-5.967) | 0.005 |
| Other typea | 3,932 | 22 (0.6%) | 2.011 (0.968-4.176) | 0.061 | 1.898 (0.927-3.888) | 0.089 |
| Unknown | 1,220 | 13 (1.1%) | 4.813 (2.023-11.452) | <0.001 | 2.660 (1.119-6.323) | 0.027 |
| Tumor site | 0.004 | 0.003 | ||||
| RCC | 68,980 | 167 (0.2%) | 1 (reference) | |||
| LCC | 44,550 | 92 (0.2%) | 0.766 (0.588-0.996) | 0.047 | 0.756 (0.581-0.983) | 0.037 |
| Rectosigmoid | 52,645 | 139 (0.3%) | 0.657 (0.513-0.842) | 0.001 | 0.808 (0.633-1.033) | 0.089 |
| Appendix | 4,217 | 3 (0.1%) | 0.377 (0.119-1.199) | 0.098 | 0.151 (0.04-0.488) | 0.002 |
| Tumor size (mm) | NA | NA | ||||
| <40 | 69,456 | 81 (0.1%) | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| 40-70 | 48,304 | 114 (0.2%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| >70 | 18,304 | 47 (0.3%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Unknown | 34,328 | 159 (0.5%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Race | 0.088 | NA | ||||
| Hispanic | 20,436 | 46 (0.2%) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | NA | |
| Black | 115,273 | 280 (0.2%) | 0.702 (0.511-0.966) | 0.030 | NA | NA |
| White | 13,841 | 22 (0.2%) | 1.005 (0.735-1.375) | 0.973 | NA | NA |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1,222 | 0 | 0.620 (0.399-0.962) | 0.033 | NA | NA |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 1,217 | 5 (0.4%) | 1.439 (0.583-3.547) | 0.990 | NA | NA |
| Unknown | 1,144 | 0 | 0.000 (0.000-) | 0.990 | NA | NA |
| Marital status | NA | NA | ||||
| Unmarried | 71,525 | 184 (0.3%) | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| Married | 87,779 | 199 (0.2%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Unknown | 11,088 | 18 (0.2%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Extracranial metastasis to | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| bone, lung, and liver (no.) | ||||||
| 0 sites | 145,065 | 110 (0.1%) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Bone | 19,047 | 131 (0.7%) | 19.212 (10.264-35.964) | <0.001 | 7.761 (5.372-11.214) | <0.001 |
| Lung | 21.320 (15.045-30.212) | <0.001 | 1.306 (0.690-2.470) | 0.413 | ||
| Liver | 2.572 (1.846-3.583) | <0.001 | 1.327 (0.944-1.866) | 0.171 | ||
| Two sites | 5,279 | 121 (2.2%) | 12.780 (9.469-17.249) | <0.001 | 8.832 (3.484-22.386) | <0.001 |
| All three sites | 506 | 34 (6.3%) | 34.847 (22.767-3.336) | <0.001 | 14.353 (9.311-22.125) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 495 | 5 (1.0%) | 6.922 (2.780-17.236) | <0.001 | 1.510 (0.604-3.774) | 0.377 |
Note:
a
The pathology type other than adenocarcinoma or mucinous carcinoma. Bold values indicate the P value is significant when two-sided P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: LCC, left-sided colon cancer; NA, not available; RCC, right-sided colon cancer.