Fig. 3.

AMPK activation and mitoROS production mediate LC3II accumulation. BV-2 cells were pre-treated with A438079 (10 μM, a), mitoTEMPO (250 μM, d) or compound C (10 μM, f) for 30 min, or siAMPK (100 nM, e) for 48 h. Then cells were treated with ATP (1 mM), BzATP (200 μM), or nigericin (10 μM) for the indicated time points. In some experiments, mouse primary microglia (b) and BMDM (c) isolated from WT and P2X7^−/− mice were treated as indicated. Total cell lysates were collected for immunoblotting. Data were representative of 3 independent experiments. Data quantification was shown in Additional file 3: Figure S3