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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Biotechnol. 2018 Sep 10;36(12):1244–1258. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.004

Figure 1. Scheme of Main Constituents of Protein and Peptide-Based Biosensors for Artificial Olfaction.

Figure 1

A bioreceptor known to bind to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – olfactory receptors, odorant binding proteins or VOC affinity peptides – is selected for immobilization. Surface immobilization can be made through different methods including affinity, covalent spacers, and thiol-based chemistry. The biosensor is then applied in a signal transducing system which may be, for example, electrical, gravimetric, or optical. The collected data is finally processed to yield qualitative or quantitative information about target VOCs.