Table 2.
Basic characteristics of premenopausal and postmenopausal women
| Variables | Premenopausal women n(%) | Postmenopausal women n(%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee drinking | <.0001* | ||
| No | 332 (47.03) | 490 (62.74) | |
| Medium | 146 (20.68) | 150 (19.21) | |
| High | 228 (32.29) | 141 (18.05) | |
| T-score | <.0001* | ||
| T ≥ −1 | 410 (58.07) | 269 (34.44) | |
| -2.5 < T < −1 | 115 (16.29) | 315 (40.33) | |
| T ≤ −2.5 | 181 (25.64) | 197 (25.22) | |
| Age group (years) | <.0001* | ||
| 30–49 | 607 (85.98) | 74 (9.48) | |
| 50–69 | 99 (14.02) | 655 (83.87) | |
| ≥ 70 | 0 (0.00) | 52 (6.66) | |
| Education | <.0001* | ||
| College and above | 197 (27.90) | 46 (5.89) | |
| Senior high school | 322 (45.61) | 153 (19.59) | |
| Junior high school | 127 (17.99) | 151 (19.33) | |
| Elementary and below | 60 (8.50) | 431 (55.19) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <.0001* | ||
| Underweight | 35 (4.96) | 16 (2.05) | |
| Normal | 419 (59.35) | 337 (43.15) | |
| Overweight | 145 (20.54) | 230 (29.45) | |
| Obese | 107 (15.16) | 198 (25.35) | |
| Smoking | 0.1044 | ||
| Never | 677 (95.89) | 761 (97.44) | |
| Quit | 11 (1.56) | 4 (0.51) | |
| Yes | 18 (2.55) | 16 (2.05) | |
| Drinking | 0.0532 | ||
| Never | 670 (94.90) | 760 (97.31) | |
| Quit | 3 (0.42) | 2 (0.26) | |
| Yes | 33 (4.67) | 19 (2.43) | |
| Exercise | 0.0001* | ||
| No | 278 (39.38) | 233 (29.83) | |
| Yes | 428 (60.62) | 548 (70.17) | |
| Vegetarian diet | 0.0661 | ||
| No | 641 (90.79) | 686 (87.84) | |
| Yes | 65 (9.21) | 95 (12.16) | |
| Personal disease history | |||
| Diabetes | 13 (1.84) | 63 (8.07) | <.0001* |
| Hypertension | 45 (6.37) | 166 (21.25) | <.0001* |
| Heart disease | 15 (2.12) | 33 (4.23) | 0.0221* |
| Hyperlipidemia | 18 (2.55) | 62 (7.94) | <.0001* |
| Stroke | 1 (0.14) | 1 (0.13) | 0.9430 |
| Supplement intake | |||
| Vitamin D | 0.9891 | ||
| No | 688 (97.45) | 761 (97.44) | |
| Yes | 18 (2.55) | 20 (2.56) | |
| Other vitamins | 0.0619 | ||
| No | 626 (88.67) | 667 (85.40) | |
| Yes | 80 (11.33) | 114 (14.60) | |
| Calcium | <.0001* | ||
| No | 534 (75.64) | 482 (61.72) | |
| Yes | 172 (24.36) | 299 (38.28) |
*P< 0.05