Table 4.

Recommendations for Resuscitation Teams

Theme	Recommendations
Team Design	Hospitals should establish dedicated or designated teams for IHCA.
Team Composition and Roles	Hospitals should ensure the participation of diverse disciplines during IHCA, including physician, nursing, respiratory therapy and pharmacy expertise. Hospitals should develop systems to include trainees while ensuring the availability of advanced expertise as needed. Hospitals should define clear roles and responsibilities of team members prior to or early during IHCA so tasks are clearly delineated in the early minutes of the event. These should include a focus on core skills including chest compressions, airway management and intravenous access.
Communication and Leadership	Hospitals should encourage the development of approaches that improve communication (e.g., closed-loop communication) and emphasize respect across multiple disciplines. When communication breaks down, the hospital should have a system in place to correct behavioral issues without being punitive. Leadership during IHCA requires focus. Identifying high quality and clearly identified leaders within resuscitation teams is essential for successful teamwork.
Training and Educational Efforts	Hospitals should implement mock codes that are: 1) regular and unscheduled; 2) occur in actual patient rooms and high-risk areas; 3) multidisciplinary; and 4) include post-mock code debriefing.
IHCA = In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest