Table 5.
Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to dietary pattern scores
| Dietary patterns | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | p-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant-based pattern | ||||
| GDM cases /pregnancies | 63/446 | 64/446 | 72/445 | |
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.70, 1.48) | 1.17 (0.81, 1.69) | 0.367 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) | 0.97 (0.65, 1.46) | 0.919 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.62, 1.42) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.47) | 0.915 |
| Meat-based pattern | ||||
| GDM case/pregnancies | 65/446 | 73/446 | 61/445 | |
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.80, 1.65) | 0.93 (0.64, 1.36) | 0.628 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.70, 1.57) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.25) | 0.318 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.62) | 0.89 (0.58, 1.36) | 0.534 |
| High protein-low starch pattern | ||||
| GDM case/pregnancies | 77/446 | 60/446 | 62/445 | |
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.52, 1.07) | 0.78 (0.54, 1.12) | 0.148 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.23) | 0.73 (0.49, 1.11) | 0.137 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.56, 1.26) | 0.73 (0.48, 1.10) | 0.132 |
aCrude model
bAdjusted for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index and family history of diabetes
cAdditionally adjusted for parity, education and total physical activity