Table 1.

Outstanding CMOs in the 7 pilot cities

Pilot Cities	Main policy interventions	Contexts + Mechanisms + Outcome patterns
Beijing	Pilots covering all city districts; defining role and responsibilities of care givers; resources pooling; encouraging public-private partnership (PPP); incentivizing timely and continuous care.	- C: previous trials on rehabilitation care delivery; strong political and professional commitment; strong financing capacity; public tertiary hospitals packed with patients; limited acute rehabilitative competence in tertiary public hospitals. - M: promoting bedside acute rehabilitation; commissioning care from competent private rehabilitative hospitals; capacity-building on long-term rehabilitation; managed transfer-out. -O: improved accessibility and effectiveness, proved cost-effectiveness;
Shanghai	Pilots in 2 city districts; defining role and responsibilities of care givers; increasing rehabilitation resources and input; care coordination.	-C: political commitment; good cooperation between government agencies; public tertiary hospitals packed with patients; strong acute rehabilitative competence in tertiary hospitals; inadequate rehabilitation resources. - M: competent tertiary hospitals taking lead in building service network; encouraging training and staff exchanging to build up post-acute rehabilitation capacity in secondary and primary care; rehabilitative resource planning; financial incentives for therapists; managed transfer-out. - O: improved accessibility, affordability and effectiveness, no evidence for cost-effectiveness.
Harbin	Initial pilots in the major teaching tertiary hospital and its hospital alliances; defining role and responsibilities of care givers; optimizing resources allocation; incentivizing care integration and referral.	- C: good cooperation between the municipal health authority and disabled people’s federation; attention to regional rehabilitative capacity planning; strong acute rehabilitative competence in tertiary hospitals. - M: contract-based cooperation of rehabilitation care providers; encouraging training and staff exchanging to build up post-acute rehabilitation capacity in secondary and primary care; incentivizing therapists in the tertiary hospital for providing care in secondary and primary care facilities; managed transfer-out. -O: improved accessibility and effectiveness; proved cost-effectiveness.
Zibo	Pilots in all health facilities; defining role and responsibilities of care givers; leadership development; resource pooling; stress on use of TCM; public awareness building;	-C: strong political commitment; multi-agency cooperation; development of traditional Chinese medicine; payment-based referral incentives. -M: clinical protocol and guidance development; intensifying capacity building on post-acute rehabilitation care; financial incentives for therapists; managed transfer-out. -O: improved accessibility and effectiveness, no evidence of cost-effectiveness.
Changsha	Initial pilot selected hospital; defining role and responsibilities of care givers; encouraging PPP; increasing service provision by private sector; resource pooling.	-C: strong medical rehabilitative capacity; political commitment in developing public-private partnership; acute rehabilitative competence in tertiary public hospitals; well-developed private sector. -M: pooled resources for developing a private tertiary rehabilitation center; contract-based cooperation of rehabilitation care providers; managed transfer-out. -O: improved accessibility of rehabilitation, but no evidence for cost-effectiveness.
Kunming	Initial pilot in a care alliance set up by the largest teaching hospital; defining role and responsibilities of care givers; resource pooling.	-C: Pre-existing collaboration between the Provincial Disabled People’s Federation, the Medical Rehabilitation Association and the pilot teaching hospital; strong clinical leadership; incentivizing therapists for providing timely acute care and supporting long-term care in community health centers; acute rehabilitative competence in tertiary public hospitals. -M: incentivizing therapists for providing timely acute care; contract-based care coordination and integration; efficient performance management; stress on pathway-based management and quality improvement; managed transfer-out. -O: Improved accessibility and effectiveness; proved cost-effectiveness.
Urumqi	Initial pilots in competent health facilities; defining role and responsibilities of care givers.	-C: Strong professional commitment; inadequate financing and payment policy support; strong care coordination capacity of the pilot hospitals; acute rehabilitative competence in tertiary public hospitals. -M: care alliance initiated by the pilot teaching hospital; financial incentives for bedside acute rehabilitative care; technical support for facilities providing post-acute rehabilitative care. -O: improved accessibility; no evidence for cost-effectiveness.