Table 5.
Bivariate regression analysis of anemia among children 6 to 23 months of age
| Parameters | N | n | (%) | OR(95%CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Boy | 2345 | 724 | 30.87 | 1 | |
| Girl | 2105 | 599 | 28.46 | 0.89(0.78,1.10) | 0.078 |
| Age | |||||
| 6~ 11 months | 1536 | 604 | 39.32 | 1 | |
| 12~ 17 months | 1411 | 414 | 29.34 | 0.64(0.55,0.75) | < 0.001 |
| 18~ 23 months | 1503 | 305 | 20.29 | 0.39(0.33,0.46) | < 0.001 |
| Mother’s ethnicity | |||||
| Han | 2219 | 637 | 28.71 | 1 | |
| Dong | 991 | 241 | 24.32 | 0.80(0.67,0.95) | 0.010 |
| Miao | 1012 | 374 | 36.96 | 1.46(1.24,1.70) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 228 | 71 | 31.14 | 1.12(0.84,1.51) | 0.440 |
| Mother’s educational level | |||||
| Primary | 409 | 133 | 32.52 | 1 | |
| Junior | 2953 | 879 | 29.77 | 0.88(0.70,1.10) | 0.256 |
| Senior | 828 | 249 | 30.07 | 0.89(0.69,1.15) | 0.381 |
| University | 260 | 62 | 23.85 | 0.65(0.46,0.92) | 0.016 |
| Mother’s occupation | |||||
| Homemakers | 2169 | 704 | 32.46 | 1 | |
| Professionals | 143 | 36 | 25.17 | 0.70(0.48,1.03) | 0.072 |
| Commerce | 227 | 54 | 23.79 | 0.65(0.47,0.89) | 0.008 |
| Animal husbandry and fishery | 1225 | 376 | 30.69 | 0.92(0.79,1.07) | 0.290 |
| Operators equipment | 79 | 18 | 22.78 | 0.61(0.36,1.04) | 0.073 |
| Others | 607 | 135 | 22.24 | 0.60(0.48,0.76) | < 0.001 |
| Father’s ethnicity | |||||
| Han | 2133 | 617 | 28.93 | 1 | |
| Dong | 1120 | 274 | 24.46 | 0.80(0.68,0.94) | 0.007 |
| Miao | 1007 | 372 | 36.94 | 1.44(1.23,1.89) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 190 | 60 | 31.58 | 1.13(0.82,1.56) | 0.441 |
| Father’s educational level | |||||
| Primary | 326 | 108 | 33.13 | 1 | |
| Junior | 2957 | 874 | 29.56 | 0.85(0.66,1.08) | 0.182 |
| Senior | 858 | 261 | 30.42 | 0.88(0.67,1.16) | 0.369 |
| University | 309 | 80 | 25.89 | 0.70(0.50,0.99) | 0.046 |
| Father’s occupation | |||||
| Homemakers | 791 | 259 | 32.74 | 1 | |
| Professionals | 316 | 102 | 32.28 | 0.98(0.74,1.29) | 0.882 |
| Commerce | 350 | 100 | 28.57 | 0.82(0.62,1.10) | 0.162 |
| Animal husbandry and fishery | 1678 | 492 | 29.32 | 0.85(0.71,1.10) | 0.085 |
| Operators equipment | 305 | 85 | 27.87 | 0.79(0.59,1.06) | 0.120 |
| Others | 1010 | 285 | 28.22 | 0.81(0.66,0.99) | 0.038 |
| Caregiver’s groups | |||||
| Mothers | 2746 | 928 | 33.79 | 1 | |
| Fathers | 42 | 8 | 19.05 | 0.46(0.21,1.00) | 0.050 |
| Grandparents | 1651 | 385 | 23.32 | 0.59(0.52,0.68) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 11 | 2 | 18.18 | 0.43(0.09,2.02) | 0.288 |
| Caregiver’s educational level | |||||
| Primary | 3243 | 990 | 30.53 | 1 | |
| Junior | 938 | 262 | 27.93 | 0.88(0.75,1.04) | 0.127 |
| Senior | 257 | 69 | 26.85 | 0.83(0.63,1.11) | 0.217 |
| University | 12 | 2 | 16.67 | 0.45(0.10,2.08) | 0.310 |
| Caregiver’s occupation | |||||
| Professionals | 16 | 2 | 12.50 | 1 | |
| Homemakers | 4434 | 1321 | 29.79 | 2.97(0.67,13.08) | 0.150 |
| Gestational age | |||||
| Term | 4270 | 1265 | 29.63 | 1 | |
| Premature | 180 | 58 | 32.22 | 1.13(0.82,1.55) | 0.455 |
| Birth weight | |||||
| Normal | 4279 | 1276 | 29.82 | 1 | |
| Low birth weight | 171 | 47 | 27.49 | 0.89(0.63,1.26) | 0.513 |
| Fever in the previous 2 weeks | |||||
| No | 3623 | 1077 | 29.73 | 1 | |
| Yes | 827 | 246 | 29.75 | 1.10(0.85,1.18) | 0.991 |
| Diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks | |||||
| No | 3907 | 1119 | 28.64 | 1 | |
| Yes | 543 | 204 | 37.57 | 1.50(1.24,1.81) | < 0.001 |
| Breastfeeding | |||||
| No | 3205 | 788 | 24.59 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1245 | 534 | 42.89 | 2.30(2.00,2.64) | < 0.001 |
| Consume water, soup, rice soup | |||||
| No | 336 | 107 | 31.85 | 1 | |
| Yes | 4112 | 1215 | 29.55 | 0.90(0.71,1.14) | 0.377 |
| Consume sugary drink | |||||
| No | 3146 | 976 | 31.07 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1290 | 343 | 26.59 | 0.79(0.69,0.91) | 0.001 |
| Consume infant formula and frequencies | |||||
| 0 | 1951 | 697 | 35.73 | 1 | |
| 1 to 2 | 1381 | 328 | 23.75 | 0.56(0.48,0.65) | < 0.001 |
| 3 | 613 | 152 | 24.80 | 0.59(0.48,0.73) | < 0.001 |
| 4 or more | 505 | 146 | 28.91 | 0.73(0.59,0.91) | 0.004 |
| Consume milk powder and frequencies | |||||
| 0 | 3698 | 1145 | 30.96 | 1 | |
| 1 to 2 | 474 | 101 | 21.31 | 0.60(0.48,0.76) | < 0.001 |
| 3 | 161 | 45 | 27.95 | 0.86(0.61,1.23) | 0.418 |
| 4 or more | 117 | 32 | 27.35 | 0.84(0.55,1.27) | 0.405 |
| Consume yoghourt and frequencies | |||||
| 0 | 4141 | 1242 | 29.99 | 1 | |
| 1 to 2 | 279 | 74 | 26.52 | 0.84(0.64,1.11) | 0.220 |
| 3 | 12 | 3 | 25.00 | 0.78(0.21,2.88) | 0.707 |
| 4 or more | 18 | 4 | 22.22 | 0.67(0.22,2.03) | 0.476 |
| Consume solid/semisolid food and frequencies | |||||
| 0 | 329 | 99 | 30.09 | 1 | |
| 1 to 2 | 1289 | 410 | 31.81 | 1.08(0.83,1.41) | 0.550 |
| 3 | 1715 | 515 | 30.03 | 0.99(0.77,1.29) | 0.982 |
| 4 or more | 1117 | 299 | 26.77 | 0.85(0.65,1.11) | 0.236 |
| Consume nutrient sachet and frequencies | |||||
| 0 | 1773 | 581 | 32.77 | 1 | |
| 1 to 2 | 302 | 115 | 38.08 | 1.26(0.98,1.62) | 0.071 |
| 3 | 201 | 69 | 34.33 | 1.07(0.79,1.46) | 0.656 |
| 4 or more | 2174 | 558 | 25.67 | 0.71(0.62,0.81) | < 0.001 |
| Is able identify the optimum timing of complementary feeding | |||||
| No | 2483 | 697 | 28.07 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1967 | 626 | 31.83 | 1.20(1.05,1.36) | 0.007 |
| Is able identify to the first complementary food which should be consumed by infants | |||||
| No | 4225 | 1246 | 29.49 | 1 | |
| Yes | 225 | 77 | 34.22 | 1.24(0.94,1.65) | 0.131 |
| Has know the optimum food of supplementary iron | |||||
| No | 3185 | 939 | 29.48 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1265 | 384 | 30.36 | 1.04(0.91,1.20) | 0.565 |
| Is able identify nutrient relate to anemia | |||||
| No | 2522 | 772 | 30.61 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1928 | 551 | 28.58 | 0.91(0.80,1.03) | 0.142 |
| Is able identify the optimum timing of breastfeeding | |||||
| No | 3852 | 1151 | 29.88 | 1 | |
| Yes | 598 | 172 | 28.76 | 0.95(0.78,1.145) | 0.578 |