Table 2.
Baseline and clinical characteristics according to intensity of post-resuscitation care, n (%)
| All n = 221 |
Ward n = 28 |
Level 1 ICU n = 16 |
Level 2 ICU n = 138 |
Level 3 ICU n = 39 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 64.0 ± 15.1 | 70.1 ± 15.2 | 75.6 ± 7.8 | 63.5 ± 14.9 | 56.7 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 143 (64.7) | 20 (71.4) | 9 (56.3) | 92 (66.7) | 22 (56.4) | 0.48 |
| Pre-arrest diagnoses | ||||||
| Hypertension | 102 (46.4) | 13 (46.4) | 9 (56.3) | 60 (43.8) | 20 (51.3) | 0.96 |
| Coronary artery disease | 44 (20.0) | 8 (28.6) | 5 (31.3) | 29 (21.2) | 2 (5.1) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 57 (25.9) | 5 (17.9) | 9 (56.3) | 37 (27.0) | 6 (15.4) | 0.43 |
| Heart failure | 28 (12.7) | 7 (25.0) | 3 (18.8) | 16 (11.7) | 2 (5.1) | 0.01 |
| Renal failure | 15 (6.8) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (6.3) | 9 (6.6) | 2 (5.1) | 0.39 |
| Memory impairment | 20 (9.1) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (25.0) | 11 (8.0) | 2 (5.1) | 0.17 |
| Other brain disease¤ | 37 (16.8) | 6 (21.4) | 4 (25.0) | 23 (16.8) | 4 (10.3) | 0.18 |
| Pre-arrest performance | 0.02 | |||||
| 1 | 138 (62.7) | 15 (53.6) | 6 (37.5) | 89 (65.0) | 28 (71.8) | |
| 2 | 26 (11.8) | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (13.9) | 4 (10.3) | |
| 3 | 54 (24.5) | 10 (35.7) | 10 (62.5) | 28 (20.4) | 6 (15.4) | |
| 4 | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (2.6) | |
| Pre-arrest performance ECOG | 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 88 (40.2) | 7 (25) | 3 (18.8) | 53 (39.0) | 25 (64.1) | |
| 1 | 52 (23.7) | 8 (28.6) | 3 (18.8) | 37 (27.2) | 4 (10.3) | |
| 2 | 26 (11.9) | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (13.2) | 5 (12.8) | |
| 3 | 53 (24.2) | 10 (35.7) | 10 (62.5) | 28 (20.6) | 5 (12.8) | |
| Pre-arrest CPC | < 0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 114 (52.1) | 10 (35.7) | 5 (31.3) | 69 (50.7) | 30 (76.9) | |
| 2 | 57 (26.0) | 8 (28.6) | 1 (6.3) | 41 (30.1) | 7 (17.9) | |
| 3 | 48 (21.9) | 10 (35.7) | 10 (62.5) | 26 (19.1) | 2 (5.1) | |
| Accomodation type | 0.02 | |||||
| Home, independent | 152 (71.0) | 18 (66.7) | 6 (37.5) | 99 (74.4) | 29 (76.3) | |
| Home, assisted | 36 (16.8) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (25.0) | 18 (13.5) | 9 (23.7) | |
| Nursing home | 26 (12.1) | 4 (14.8) | 6 (37.5) | 16 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Resuscitation details | ||||||
| Witnessed CA | 193 (88.1) | 26 (92.9) | 14 (87.5) | 115 (84.6) | 38 (97.4) | 0.79 |
| Bystander CPR | 70 (34.0) | 9 (33.3) | 2 (15.4) | 44 (34.4) | 15 (39.5) | 0.41 |
| Response time, median IQR | 6 (0–9) | 7 (1–9) | 7 (0–9) | 5 (0–9) | 5 (0–8) | 0.67 |
| ROSC time, median (IQR) | 18 (12–23) | 17 (12–23) | 22 (16–25) | 18 (12–22) | 17 (13–25) | 0.63 |
| Cause of CA | 0.048 | |||||
| Cardiac | 66 (30.3) | 8 (28.6) | 6 (37.5) | 40 (29.6) | 12 (30.8) | |
| Hypoxia | 61 (28.0) | 10 (35.7) | 6 (37.5) | 36 (26.7) | 9 (23.1) | |
| Intoxication | 16 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (8.1) | 5 (12.8) | |
| Neurological | 21 (9.6) | 4 (14.3) | 4 (25.0) | 12 (8.9) | 1 (2.6) | |
| Other | 24 (11.0) | 2 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (14.8) | 2 (5.1) | |
| Unknown | 30 (13.8) | 4 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (11.9) | 10 (25.6) | |
ICU intensive care unit, CPC cerebral performance category, CA cardiac arrest, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Response and ROSC times are presented in minutes, as median (IQR)
¤diagnoses of previous intracranial haemorrhage, stroke, contusion, severe congenital disability, brain atrophy, encephalitis, and brain tumour
See Methods for details of performance, ECOG and CPC classifications. P-values < 0.05 indicate significant difference between at least two Levels of care (age, response-and ROSC times) or significant trend in results when Level of care increases (other variables). Thus P-value < 0.05 in headings of pre-arrest performance, ECOG, CPC, accommodation type and cause of cardiac arrest indicates that there is significant difference between groups in at least one of the values (for example in amount of CPC 1, CPC 2 or CPC 3) and there is a trend according to increasing Level of care. If the resulting p-value is > 0.05, it means there is no significant difference between any of the values. Probability test used are explained in detail in the Methods section