Table 2.

Cox proportional hazards model and competing risk model for disease progression among patients with local/regional stage NETs

	Cox proportional hazards model				Competing risk model
	HR	95% HR CI		P	HR	95% HR CI		P
		Lower limit	Upper limit			Lower limit	Upper limit
Age
65–69	Reference				Reference
70–74	1.159	0.885	1.518	0.2831	1.114	0.848	1.464	0.4366
75–79	1.139	0.86	1.509	0.3649	1.087	0.811	1.458	0.5758
≥80	1.263	0.948	1.684	0.1106	1.112	0.828	1.492	0.4809
Gender
Male	Reference				Reference
Female	0.648	0.528	0.795	<0.0001	0.676	0.548	0.834	0.0003
Race
Non-Hispanic White	Reference				Reference
Non-Hispanic Black	0.849	0.553	1.302	0.4529	0.812	0.517	1.275	0.3654
Hispanic or Others	0.861	0.585	1.267	0.4473	0.848	0.586	1.229	0.3838
Stage
Localized	Reference				Reference
Regional	2.81	2.241	3.525	<0.0001	2.662	2.112	3.356	<0.0001
Histologic grade
G1	Reference				Reference
G2	2.225	1.65	2.999	<0.0001	2.275	1.686	3.071	<0.0001
G3 & G4	4.343	3.305	5.707	<0.0001	3.857	2.887	5.154	<0.0001
Mixed	1.41	0.719	2.765	0.3176	1.223	0.631	2.368	0.5509
Unknown	2.344	1.486	3.697	0.0002	2.217	1.389	3.539	0.0008
Tumor size
< 1 cm	Reference				Reference
1–2 cm	1.312	0.909	1.893	0.1472	1.311	0.897	1.916	0.1613
>2 cm	1.549	1.067	2.25	0.0215	1.553	1.052	2.291	0.0266
Unknown	1.005	0.638	1.584	0.9813	0.96	0.604	1.525	0.8618
Nodal status
Negative	Reference				Reference
Positive	0.828	0.583	1.177	0.2923	0.833	0.581	1.195	0.3219
Unknown	0.992	0.754	1.303	0.9514	0.973	0.725	1.305	0.8539
Region
Midwest	Reference				Reference
Northeast	0.93	0.638	1.356	0.7069	0.989	0.662	1.476	0.9551
South	0.837	0.583	1.203	0.3367	0.835	0.57	1.222	0.3539
West	0.741	0.513	1.07	0.1103	0.748	0.508	1.101	0.1409
Primary Site
Small intestine and cecum	0.614	0.463	0.813	0.0007	0.634	0.476	0.844	0.0018
Appendix	0.803	0.364	1.768	0.585	0.886	0.403	1.949	0.7643
Colon	0.252	0.139	0.455	<0.0001	0.25	0.133	0.469	<0.0001
Larynx, bronchus, lung, trachea, and other respiratory organs	Reference				Reference
Other	0.986	0.708	1.372	0.9324	0.863	0.591	1.261	0.4467
Pancreas	1.103	0.735	1.654	0.6368	1.139	0.763	1.702	0.5243
Rectum	0.514	0.269	0.985	0.045	0.544	0.279	1.057	0.0726
Urban/Rural Status
Metropolitan	Reference				Reference
Non-Metropolitan	1.185	0.85	1.651	0.3161	1.203	0.86	1.682	0.2798
Census tract % below poverty level in quartile
First quartile	Reference				Reference
Second quartile	0.719	0.506	1.022	0.066	0.752	0.524	1.079	0.122
Third quartile	0.714	0.451	1.133	0.1527	0.784	0.491	1.25	0.3062
Forth quartile	0.914	0.52	1.605	0.7536	1.018	0.57	1.819	0.9512
Census tract median income in quartile
First quartile	Reference				Reference
Second quartile	1.349	0.93	1.955	0.1147	1.396	0.957	2.037	0.0831
Third quartile	1.403	0.857	2.294	0.1779	1.459	0.89	2.391	0.1345
Forth quartile	1.099	0.612	1.973	0.7528	1.156	0.644	2.075	0.6265
Census tract % with high school diploma in quartile
First quartile	Reference				Reference
Second quartile	0.952	0.69	1.314	0.7661	0.963	0.695	1.335	0.8219
Third quartile	0.727	0.504	1.047	0.0864	0.734	0.506	1.064	0.1022
Forth quartile	0.778	0.516	1.172	0.2303	0.806	0.527	1.234	0.321