Table 1.
Baseline demographics of all study participants across three alcohol user groups
| Non-users (n = 993) | Light alcohol users (n = 231) | Frequent alcohol users (n = 353) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 53.4 ± 9.1 | 50.9 ± 8.8* | 53.1 ± 8.5# | 0.726 |
| Sex, female (%) | 719 (72.4%) | 128 (55.4%) | 95 (26.9%) | <0.001 |
| Body height (cm) | 159.0 ± 7.5 | 161.8 ± 8.3* | 164.3 ± 7.2*# | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 61.7 ± 10.8 | 64.2 ± 11.9* | 68.2 ± 10.8*# | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 3.6 | 24.3 ± 3.5 | 25.3 ± 3.5*# | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.1 ± 19.3 | 126.1 ± 19.7 | 129.9 ± 19.4 | 0.029 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.3 ± 13.4 | 78.5 ± 13.7 | 81.4 ± 13.8*# | 0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 48.8 ± 13.6 | 47.6 ± 12.8 | 48.6 ± 14.2 | 0.49 |
| HR (beat/min) | 69.1 ± 10.3 | 68.6 ± 10.7 | 68.2 ± 11.7 | 0.4 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 99.5 ± 27.8 | 96.6 ± 18.6 | 100.5 ± 27.5 | 0.21 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 207.6 ± 37.4 | 208.3 ± 35.3 | 208.2 ± 38.5 | 0.96 |
| FTG (mg/dl) | 108.2 ± 72.6 | 113.5 ± 98.6 | 138.3 ± 120.9*# | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 123.7 ± 33.2 | 125.1 ± 31.3 | 123.7 ± 34.3 | 0.84 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 57.1 ± 15.7 | 56.6 ± 14.9 | 53.8 ± 14.4* | 0.002 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 87.9 ± 22.5 | 85.7 ± 20.9 | 84.1 ± 20.9* | 0.015 |
| Medical histories | ||||
| Active smokers, n (%) | 83 (8.3%) | 31 (13.2%) | 85 (24.1%) | <0.001 |
| HTN, n (%) | 193 (19.4%) | 33 (14.3%) | 73 (20.7%) | 0.128 |
| DM, n (%) | 95 (9.6%) | 10 (4.3%) | 40 (11.3%) | 0.013 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 307 (30.9%) | 72 (31.2%) | 126 (35.7%) | 0.244 |
| CVD, n (%) | 79 (8.0%) | 14 (6.1%) | 28 (7.9%) | 0.609 |
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes; FTG, fasting triglyceride level; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure. *P < 0.05 vs non-user; #P < 0.05 vs light users.