Table 1.

Summary of findings of angiogenic factors in children born to preeclampsia in comparison with matched normotensive controls.

Age	Type of study	Sample size	Type of sample	Findings in preeclampsia	Reference
23–36 weeks of gestation	Cohort	123	Umbilical cord blood	VEGF was positively correlated, and sFlt-1 was negatively correlated, with birth weight and percentiles of weight for gestational age. Higher cord blood VEGF levels were associated with reduced risk of postnatal growth failure. The above biomarker associations were attenuated after adjustment for maternal preeclampsia.	(Voller et al., 2014)
30 weeks of gestation	Prospective	4108	Umbilical cord blood	High sFlt-1 (and reduced PlGF) were associated with reduced growth from the gestational stage to 6 years of age.	(Bergen et al., 2015)
Newborns at birth	Case-control	70	Umbilical cord blood	Elevated sFlt-1 in children of mothers with preeclampsia.	(Staff et al., 2005)
Newborns at birth	Cross-sectional	39	Umbilical cord blood	Lower VEGF levels and higher sFlt-1 levels.	(Olmos et al., 2013)
0–30 years	Prospective	204	Antecubital vein blood	Elevated levels of sFlt-1.	(Lewandowski et al., 2015)
5–8 years		43	Antecubital vein blood	No difference in sFlt-1 levels.	(Kvehaugen et al., 2011)

sFLT-1: soluble receptor tyrosine kinase similar to fms-1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PlGF: Placental growth factor.