Table 7.
Cognitive processes: memory and math.
| Author/Year | N | Agea (years) | Topic(s) | Task(s) | Finding(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dunning et al., 2015 | (WS) 44 | (WS) 8–48 | Verbal memory | Recall a list of sentences that were either spoken or sung to a novel melody | WS with musical training demonstrated improved verbal memory on both sung and spoken conditions |
| Martens et al., 2011 (2 studies) | (WS) 38 | (WS) 6–59 | Verbal memory | Recall a list of sentences that were either spoken or sung to a familiar melody | WS with musical training demonstrated improved verbal memory when sentences were sung > spoken |
| (WS) 38 | (WS) 7–50 | ||||
| Reis et al., 2003 | (WS) 16 | Unclear; Only DOB given | Math Skills | 10-day music and math curriculum focused on understanding fractions | Majority of participants increased their understanding of math concepts; Expressed increased confidence in math |
WS, Williams Syndrome.
a
Age in years, expressed in one of the following formats based on information available: (a) range in years, (b) mean (standard deviation), or (c) mean ±years.