Table 2.
Characteristics of Youth (n=511) With and Without an Arrest During the 24-Months Follow-up Period
| Characteristics | Arrest within the 24-months after baseline ED visit (N=169; 33.1%) |
No arrest within the 24-months after baseline ED visit (N=342; 66.9%) |
RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD)a | 20.79 (1.87) | 20.70 (1.94) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.08) |
| Male, n (%) | 127 (75.2) | 165 (48.3) |
1.56 (1.35, 1.79) |
| Black race, n (%) | 100 (59.2) | 198 (57.9) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) |
| Public assistance, n (%) | 126 (74.6) | 248 (72.5) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) |
| School/Community involvement, n (%) |
54 (32.0) | 116 (33.9) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.23) |
| Community violence, mean (SD)a | 2.52 (0.70) | 2.27 (0.72) |
1.39 (1.17, 1.65) |
| Baseline ED visit presentation | |||
| Assault–Injury, n (%) | 114 (67.5) | 185 (54.1) |
1.24 (1.08, 1.44) |
| Past 6-month substance use at baseline ED visit |
|||
| Marijuana use, n (%)b | 167 (98.8) | 329 (96.2) |
1.03 (1.00, 1.06) |
| Illicit drug use, n (%)c | 23 (13.6) | 36 (10.5) | 1.29 (0.79, 2.11) |
| Non-medical prescription drug | 42 (24.9) | 63 (18.4) | 1.38 |
| use, n (%)d | (0.98, 1.94) | ||
| Binge drinking, n (%)e | 85 (50.3) | 139 (40.6) |
1.24 (1.02, 1.51) |
| Drug use disorder, n (%) | 112 (66.3) | 173 (50.6) |
1.31 (1.13, 1.52) |
| Mental health diagnoses at baseline | |||
| ED visit | |||
| PTSD (past month), n (%) | 19 (11.2) | 37 (10.8) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.75) |
| Any mental health diagnosis, n (%)f |
70 (41.4) | 113 (33.0) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.58) |
Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05). Baseline characteristics were measured at the time of the ED visit.
For mean-calculated variables, RR was estimated using binomial regression with a log link.
p-value is 0.049.
Illicit drugs includes cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, methamphetamine, street opioids (e.g., heroin).
Prescription drugs involves non-medical use (i.e., to get high and/or using someone else’s prescription) of prescription opioids, stimulants, or sedatives.
Binge drinking is 5 or more drinks consumed on a single occasion.
Any mental health diagnosis includes meeting diagnostic DSM-IV criteria for depression, antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, or PTSD.
ED, emergency department; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.