. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmology. 2018 Jul 27;125(12):1913–1928. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.028

Table 3.

Mixed models regression of square root of geographic atrophy area for combined cohort according to clinical and imaging characteristics.

		Change per year in square root of GA area ¹			Change per year in GA area ²
		Estimate (mm)	95% CI (mm)	p	Estimate (mm²)	95% CI (mm²)	p
Overall		0.28 (0.16 DD)	0.27–0.29	<0.0001	1.29 (0.55 DA)	1.23–1.35	<0.0001
Central GA at baseline	No	0.31	0.30–0.33	<0.0001	1.41	1.34–1.48	<0.0001
Central GA at baseline	Yes	0.22	0.20–0.24	<0.0001	1.06	0.96–1.16	<0.0001
GA size (disc areas) at baseline	<0.75	0.28	0.26–0.29	<0.0001	0.97	0.90–1.04	<0.0001
	>=0.75,<1.5	0.35	0.32–0.39		1.83	1.68–1.99
	>=1.5,<2.0	0.27	0.22–0.32		1.58	1.34–1.82
	>=2.0,<4.0	0.28	0.24–0.31		1.92	1.75–2.08
	>=4.0	0.21	0.16–0.26		1.92	1.67–2.17
Configuration at baseline	Small	0.26	0.24–0.28	<0.0001	0.89	0.81–0.98	<0.0001
	Multifocal	0.36	0.34–0.39		1.66	1.54–1.77
	Horseshoe/ring	0.27	0.22–0.31		1.99	1.77–2.22
	Solid	0.24	0.21–0.26		1.34	1.22–1.47
	Indeterminate	0.37	0.31–0.42		2.37	2.08–2.66
AREDS2 treatment	Control	0.27	0.25–0.29	0.33	1.27	1.15–1.39	0.89
	L/Z	0.29	0.26–0.31		1.31	1.18–1.44
	DHA/EPA	0.30	0.28–0.32		1.32	1.21–1.44
	Combination	0.28	0.26–0.30		1.27	1.16–1.38
DHA/EPA main effect	No	0.28	0.26–0.29	0.41	1.29	1.20–1.38	0.94
DHA/EPA main effect	Yes	0.29	0.27–0.30	0.41	1.29	1.21–1.37	0.94
Lutein/zeaxanthin	No	0.28	0.27–0.30	0.77	1.30	1.21–1.38	0.89
Lutein/zeaxanthin	Yes	0.28	0.27–0.30	0.77	1.29	1.20–1.37	0.89
Smoking status	Never	0.27	0.26–0.29	0.05	1.19	1.10–1.29	0.0003
	Former	0.28	0.27–0.30		1.32	1.24–1.40
	Current	0.33	0.29–0.37		1.66	1.45–1.87
Number of eyes with GA	1	0.23	0.21–0.24	<0.0001	0.91	0.81–1.01	<0.0001
Number of eyes with GA	2	0.31	0.30–0.33	<0.0001	1.50	1.43–1.57	<0.0001
Halo hyperautofluorescence (for eyes with hypoAF at 1^st GA; n=184)	No	0.31	0.27–0.35	0.13	1.28	1.07–1.49	<0.0001
	Yes	0.38	0.30–0.45	0.13	2.44	2.03–2.85	<0.0001

All results adjusted for age and sex; 1: results adjusted for square root of GA area at baseline; 2: results adjusted for GA area at baseline; p=p value of interaction between characteristic and year; DD=disc diameters; DA=disc areas; DHA=docosahexaenoic acid; EPA=eicosapentaenoic acid, GA=geographic atrophy