Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted models predicting a pain report
| Unadjusted Models | Adjusted Model 1a (n = 26,180) | Adjusted Model 2b (n = 15,954) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 90% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| BMI Class | ||||||
| Normal Weight (Ref) | ||||||
| Underweight | 1.05 | (0.9–1.21) | 1.14 | (0.95–1.37) | 1.26 | (1–1.58)** |
| Overweight | 1.13 | (1.04–1.22)* | 1.09 | (0.99–1.2) | 1.12 | (0.99–1.27) |
| Obese | 1.28 | (1.18–1.39)* | 1.23 | (1.11–1.35)** | 1.2 | (1.06–1.36)** |
| Severely obese | 1.43 | (1.29–1.58)* | 1.32 | (1.17–1.49)** | 1.26 | (1.08–1.48)** |
| Age | ||||||
| 2–5 years old (Ref) | ||||||
| 6–11 years old | 1.37 | (1.28–1.47)* | 1.33 | (1.22–1.45)** | 1.13 | (1.02–1.26)** |
| 12–19 years old | 1.44 | (1.33–1.55)* | 1.47 | (1.33–1.61)** | 1.25 | (1.11–1.41)** |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (Ref) | ||||||
| Female | 1.2 | (1.13–1.27)* | 1.21 | (1.12–1.29)** | 1.2 | (1.1–1.3)** |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Black (Ref) | ||||||
| Hispanic | 1.13 | (1.06–1.21)* | 1.19 | (1–1.41)** | 1.28 | (1.02–1.6)** |
| White | 1.24 | (1.13–1.37)* | 1.52 | (1.23–1.88)** | 1.58 | (1.18–2.11)** |
| Other | 1.29 | (1.18–1.42)* | 1.3 | (1.02–1.65)** | 1.25 | (0.89–1.75) |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Public (Ref) | ||||||
| Commercial | 1.01 | (0.89–1.13) | 1.02 | (0.88–1.18) | 1.04 | (0.86–1.25) |
| Other | 1.08 | (0.95–1.23) | 1.1 | (0.94–1.29) | 1.02 | (0.81–1.28) |
| Clinic site | ||||||
| Clinic 1 (Ref) | ||||||
| Clinic 2 | 1.06 | (0.95–1.18) | 1.13 | (0.95–1.35) | 1.12 | (0.88–1.42) |
| Clinic 3 | 1.25 | (1.15–1.35)* | 1.29 | (1.11–1.51)** | 1.36 | (1.11–1.68)** |
| Clinic 4 | 1.2 | (1.1–1.31)* | 0.75 | (0.59–0.96)** | 0.98 | (0.69–1.39) |
| Clinic 5 | 1.28 | (1.18–1.39)* | 1.01 | (0.85–1.21) | 1.18 | (0.94–1.49) |
| Pre-screener form (PSF) medium | ||||||
| Paper (Ref) | ||||||
| Tablet | 1.73 | (1.62–1.84)* | 1.77 | (1.62–1.93)** | 1.73 | (1.53–1.96)** |
| Season | ||||||
| Autumn (Ref) | ||||||
| Winter | 1.22 | (1.14–1.32)* | 1.21 | (1.1–1.32)** | 1.2 | (1.08–1.35)** |
| Spring | 1.11 | (1.02–1.21)* | 1.15 | (1.04–1.27)** | 1.18 | (1.04–1.35)** |
| Summer | 0.76 | (0.7–0.82)* | 0.76 | (0.69–0.83)** | 0.72 | (0.64–0.82)** |
| Pain reported at preceding visit | ||||||
| No (Ref) | ||||||
| Yes | 2.86 | (2.64–3.11)* | 2.67 | (2.42–2.95)** | ||
| Clinic:Race interaction terms | ||||||
| Clinic 2:Hispanic | 0.71 | (0.41–1.17) | 0.66 | (0.3–1.31) | ||
| Clinic 2:White | 0.93 | (0.54–1.53) | 0.86 | (0.41–1.7) | ||
| Clinic 2:Other | 0.55 | (0.22–1.19) | 0.33 | (0.05–1.16) | ||
| Clinic 3:Hispanic | 0.89 | (0.63–1.23) | 1.01 | (0.66–1.51) | ||
| Clinic 3:White | 0.78 | (0.55–1.09) | 0.86 | (0.55–1.35) | ||
| Clinic 3:Other | 0.71 | (0.45–1.08) | 0.92 | (0.51–1.62) | ||
| Clinic 4:Hispanic | 1.44 | (1.08–1.93)** | 1.21 | (0.81–1.83) | ||
| Clinic 4:White | 0.87 | (0.58–1.29) | 0.74 | (0.42–1.31) | ||
| Clinic 4:Other | 1.38 | (0.97–1.96) | 1.31 | (0.8–2.18) | ||
| Clinic 5:Hispanic | 0.91 | (0.72–1.15) | 0.83 | (0.62–1.12) | ||
| Clinic 5:White | 0.93 | (0.68–1.28) | 0.84 | (0.57–1.25) | ||
| Clinic 5:Other | 0.89 | (0.64–1.25) | 0.85 | (0.55–1.32) | ||
aModel 1: Adjusted for BMI class, age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, pre-screener form medium, season, with race:clinic interaction terms
bModel 2: In addition to Model 1 covariates, includes pain report at prior visit. Limited to patients for whom a pain screen exists at the preceding visit
*P < 0.1, **P < 0.05