Table 1.

Cancer prior to diagnosis with PMR

Retrospective case–control study
Study	Diagnosis	Cases (n)	PMR cases (n)	Controls (n)	PMR controls (n)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	Case rate (%)	Control rate (%)
Anderson et al. [64]	Lymphoid malignancies	33,721	344	122,531	1244	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	1.02	1.02
Anderson et al. [63]	Myeloid malignancy	9998	125	160,086	1288	1.7 (1.4–2.1)	1.25	0.80
	Myelodysplastic malignancy	3758	55	42,886	518	1.5 (1.1–2)	1.46	1.21
Anderson et al. [67]	HCL	418	9	160,086	2721	1.5 (0.5–3.9)	2.15	1.70
Askling et al. [62]	All lymphoma	42,676	114	78,487	250	0.8 (0.7–1.0)	0.27	0.32
	NHL	28,355	88	52,164	187	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.31	0.36
	HL	4037	3	7394	15	0.4 (0.1–1.3)	0.07	0.2
	CLL	10,555	24	19,391	52	0.8 (0.5–1.4)	0.23	0.27
Kristinsson et al. [66]	Any MPN	11,039	46	43,550	104	1.7 (1.2–2.5)	0.42	0.24
Lanoy and Engels [65]	Cutaneous NHL	2652	19	178,452	1731	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	0.72	0.97
Lindqvist et al. [68]	MM	19,112	56	75,408	116	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	0.29	0.15
	MGUS	5403	58	21,209	79	2.9 (2.1–4.1)	1.07	0.37

PMR polymyalgia rheumatica, HCL hairy cell leukaemia, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, HL Hodgkin’s lymphoma, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, MM multiple myeloma, MPN myeloproliferative neoplasm, MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance