Table 4;

Summary Metabolomic Biomarkers Associated with Preeclampsia in twenty-eight studies

Biological Sample	Comparison of PE Cases and Controls Prior to Diagnosis					Comparison of PE Cases and Controls Prior post Diagnosis	Comparisons of PE Endotypes
	1st Trimester			2nd Trimester
	early onset	Late onset	onset not specified	early onset	onset not specified
Serum	2-HB; 3-hydroxyisovalerate; acetone; citrate; glycerol; 3-hydroxyisovalerate; arginine; Stearoylcarnitine; taurine*	glycerol; carnitine; valine; pyruvate; 3-HB; 1-MH; glycerol; trimethylamine; acetoacetate; Stearoylcarnitine propylene glycol; 3-hydroxyisovalerate; formate, choline;, succinate; phenylalanine; glycine, glucose, isopropanol; acetate	hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine; Phenylalanine; Glutamate; Alanine; Triglycerides, 3-HB, pyruvate, PtdCho, lactate; carnitine			Alanine; 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butanoic acid; 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid; 2-Oxoglutaric acid; Glutamic acid; Xylitol/ribitol; uric acid; Creatinine; PC(14:0/00); Proline betaine; Proline; lipids; lipoproteins	Glycerol; trimethylamine; succinate
Plasma			Cohibin A; 16-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone; phosphocholines; 13'-Carboxy-gamma-tocopherol; Dimethamine Quinoline Montecristin; (mono-, di- and tri-) glycerides	Phospholipids	5-Hydroxytryptophan, monosaccharide(s), decanoylcarnitine, methylglutaric acid and/or adipic acid, oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, butyrolactone and/or oxolan-3-one, acetoacetic acid, hexadecenoyleicosatetraenoyl- snglycerol, di-(octadecadienoyl)- snglycerol, sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphinganine 1-phosphate, Vitamin D3 derivatives, 2-oxovaleric acid and/or oxo-methylbutanoic acid; carnitines	lactate; fucose; threonine; cholesterol; isoleucine; leucine; histidine; tyrosine; phenylalanine; 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine; 2-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol; fluvoxamine; choline; betaine
Urine	Citrate; glycerol; hydroxyisovalerate; methionine; glutamine; pyruvate; propylene glycol; trimethylamine; hydroxybutyrate; hydroxyisovalerate;		Hippurate; creatinine; glycine; 4-DEA, DMA; hippurate; lactate; creatine; ProlB	Carnitines		choline; creatine; glycine
Placenta and Interuterine Tissue						GPC, PCho, Aspartate, EtAm, Taurine; Glucose;, Ascididmen, Glycine;; 5-HETE; 12-HETE; 15-HETE; phosphatidylserine; ganglioside mannoside 3; Macrolides/polyketides-PK04	Choline, Lysine, Alanine, Glucose, Myo-inositol, Taurine, Aspartate. Glycine, 3-HB; Acyl glycerides, fatty acids; amino acid-related metabolites, Vitamin D-related metabolites, isoprenoids; phospholipids
Breast Milk						Oligosaccharides; lactose; acetate; acetone; glutamate; glutamine; glycerophosphocholine