Table 4.

Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for becoming overweight or obese in 7 years of follow-up, across quintiles of total alcohol intake, restricted to never-smokers

Alcohol (quintile)1	Total n (%)	Incident overweight, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2		Incident obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
		n (%)	HR (95% CI)2	n (%)	HR (95% CI)2
1	2870 (40.3)	1010 (35.2)	1.00	38 (1.3)	1.00
2	1318 (18.5)	467 (35.4)	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	16 (1.2)	0.85 (0.47–1.54)
3	1129 (15.8)	375 (33.2)	0.85 (0.75–0.97)	12 (1.1)	0.68 (0.35–1.33)
4	1027 (14.4)	325 (31.7)	0.85 (0.74–0.97)	8 (0.8)	0.46 (0.20–1.04)
5	787 (11.0)	224 (28.5)	0.66 (0.55–0.79)	3 (0.4)	0.16 (0.04–0.61)
P for trend3			< 0.001		0.005

¹Quintile 1 was defined as alcohol abstainers (< 0.2 g/d), and higher levels of intake were evenly divided into quartiles (quintiles 2–5). The range of alcohol intake in each quartile was as follows (g/d): quintile 1, 0–<0.2; quintile 2, 0.2–1.77; quintile 3, 1.77–6.49; quintile 4, 6.49–13.55; and quintile 5, 13.55–197.

²Multivariate models were adjusted for baseline age; race/ethnicity; education; height; weight; physical activity; smoking (never, former, or current); clinical trial arms; history of diabetes treatment, cardiovascular disease, and cancer; percent of total energy intake as fat and carbohydrate; fruit and vegetable intake; nonalcohol energy; and total calcium (diet plus supplement).

³Test for trend (using quintile number as an ordinal variable).