Table 1.

Experimental studies of the impact of mindfulness on executive functioning

Study	SUD/addictive behavior (sample size)	MBI	Control condition	Results
Alfonso et al76	Alcohol and polysubstance use disorder (N=34)	Goal management training + Mindfulness	Standard treatment	Participants enrolled in GMT + mindfulness demonstrated significant improvement in performance on neuropsychological measures of working memory, response inhibition, and decision-making when compared to standard treatment.
Garland et al79	Opioid-misuse among chronic pain patients (N=115)	MORE (eight 2-hour group sessions)	Support group (eight 2-hour group sessions)	MORE participants demonstrated a decrease in opioid attentional bias when compared to support group participants.
Tang et al110	Tobacco use disorder (N=60)	IBMT: 30-minutes practice training every night for 10 consecutive nights	Relaxation training: 30-minutes practice training every night for 10 consecutive nights	Participants in the IBMT reported more efficacy in regulating emotions which were related to increased ACC/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity.
Valls- Serrano et al77	Polysubstance use disorder (N=32)	GMT + MM + TAU	TAU	Participants assigned to the GMT + MM condition demonstrated significant increases in reflective processes compared to TAU participants.

Abbreviations: SUD, substance use disorder; MBI, mindfulness-based interventions; GMT, goal management training; MORE, mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement; IBMT, integrative body-mind training; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; MM, mindfulness meditation; TAU, treatment-as-usual; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex.