Table 3.

Studies on Antimicrobial-Resistant Pseudomonads in Vegetables

Species	No. of isolates from vegetables	Specification of vegetables	Tested antimicrobials (method)	Region	Source
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida	295, 106	Fruit, root, bulbous vegetables, salads, and cereals	Amikacin, apramycin, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, doxycycline (only in P. putida), enrofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, neomycin, netilmicin, piperacillin+tazobactam, streptomycin, tobramycin, (microdilution)	Germany	Schwaiger et al. (2011a)
P. aeruginosa	88	Lettuce, white cabbage, red cabbage, carrots, sweet pepper, cucumber, and tomatoes, mixed	Ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, tetracycline (disk diffusion)	Jamaica	Allydice-Francis and Brown (2012)
Pseudomonas spp.	35	Leaf lettuces, tomatoes, and carrots	Amikacin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, gentamicin (disk diffusion)	Portugal	Jones-Dias et al. (2016)
	Each study <25	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	Bezanson et al. (2008); Hassan et al. (2011); Estepa et al. (2015)

Font normal: resistance tested but not found; underlined: resistance in one single isolate; bold face: resistance in two or more isolates. Resistance defined as in the original study.