Table 2. Hydrolysis and other breakdown products of thalidomide.

Name	Systematic name	Structure	Test species and references
4-Phthalimidoglutaramic acid [13]	5-Amino-4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-5-oxopentanoic acid		Rabbit33,42
2-Phthalimidoglutaramic acid [14]	5-Amino-2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-5-oxopentanoic acid		Rabbit33,42,43
2-Phthalimidoglutaric acid [15]	2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)pentanedioic acid		Rabbit33,42,43
4-(O-Carboxybenzamido) glutaramic acid [16]	2-[(1-Amino-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamoyl] benzoic acid		Rabbit33,42
2-(O-Carboxybenzamido) glutaramic acid [17]	2-[(4-Amino-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl)carbamoyl] benzoic acid		Rabbit33,42
2-(O-Carboxybenzamido) glutaric acid [18]	2-[(2-Carboxybenzoyl) amino]pentanedioic acid		Rabbit42
α-Aminoglutarimide [19]	3-Aminopiperidine-2,6-dione		Rabbit33,42
l-Glutamine [20]	(2S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid		Rabbit33,42
dl-Glutamine [21]	2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid		Rabbit33,42
Phthalic acid [22]	Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid		Rabbit33,42