Table 5. Non-teratogenic structural thalidomide analogues; phthalimide ring intact with structural modification or replacement of the glutarimide ring.

Name	Systematic name	Structure	Test species and references
Phthalimidophthalimide [33]	2,2′-Biisoindole-1,1′,3,3′-tetrone		Marmoset50
2-Phthalimido-dl-succinimide [34]	2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit43
N-Phthaloyl-dl-alanylamide [35]	2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)propanamide		Rabbit43
Imidan O,O-dimethyl-S-phthalimidomethylphosphorodithiolate [36]	S-[(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate		Rabbit51
Phaltan N-(trichloromethylthio)-phthalimide [37]	2-[(Trichloromethyl)sulfanyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit51
N-Phenylphthalimide [38]	2-Phenyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit34
2-Phthalimidoglutaric acid anhydride [39]	2-(2,6-Dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit34
2-Phthalimidopyridine [40]	2-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit34
N-Butylphthalimide [41]	2-Butyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit34
Phthalimide [42]	1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit34
N-Hydroxythalidomide [43]	2-(1-Hydroxy-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit52
N-Methoxythalidomide [44]	2-(1-Methoxy-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione		Rabbit52
2-Phthalimidoacetamide [45]	2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)acetamide		Rabbit34,47
4-Phthalimidobutyramide [46]	4-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)butanamide		Rabbit34
2-Phthalimidobutyramide [47]	2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)butanamide		Rabbit47
2-Phthalimidoglutaric diamide [48]	2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)pentanediamide		Rabbit52