Table 3. Sample Characteristics Stratified by Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Obesity, Among Patients Aged 18 to 70 Years Who Were Free of Diabetes at Index (N = 5654).
| Variable | No (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients Without PTSD (n = 2204) | Patients With PTSD (n = 3450) | |||||
| Without Obesity (n = 1217) | With Obesity (n = 987) | P Value | Without Obesity (n = 1411) | With Obesity (n = 2039) | P Value | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 46.3 (14.9) | 49.5 (13.4) | <.001 | 42.2 (14.8) | 43.2 (13.7) | .04 |
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Male | 964 (79.2) | 896 (90.8) | <.001 | 1223 (86.7) | 1760 (86.3) | .76 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 734 (60.3) | 692 (70.1) | <.001 | 904 (64.1) | 1334 (65.4) | .03 |
| Black | 184 (15.1) | 188 (19.1) | 334 (23.7) | 518 (25.4) | ||
| Other | 75 (6.2) | 50 (5.1) | 111 (7.9) | 116 (5.7) | ||
| Missing | 224 (18.4) | 57 (5.8) | 62 (4.4) | 71 (3.5) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Not married | 588 (48.3) | 489 (49.5) | <.001 | 856 (60.7) | 1065 (52.2) | <.001 |
| Married | 470 (38.6) | 486 (49.2) | 553 (39.2) | 972 (47.7) | ||
| Missing | 159 (13.1) | 12 (1.2) | <5 (<0.4)a | <5 (<0.3)a | ||
| VHA-only insurance | 876 (72.0) | 626 (63.4) | <.001 | 955 (67.7) | 1255 (61.6) | <.001 |
| High primary HCU | 155 (12.7) | 224 (22.7) | <.001 | 327 (23.2) | 707 (34.7) | <.001 |
| Psychiatric conditions and psychotropic medicationsb | ||||||
| Depression | 200 (16.4) | 233 (23.6) | <.001 | 998 (70.7) | 1527 (74.9) | .01 |
| Other anxietyc | 134 (11.0) | 138 (14.0) | .04 | 454 (32.2) | 688 (33.7) | .34 |
| Sleep disorder | 216 (17.8) | 388 (39.3) | <.001 | 690 (48.9) | 1333 (65.4) | <.001 |
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 211 (17.3) | 154 (15.6) | .28 | 645 (45.7) | 919 (45.1) | .71 |
| Drug abuse/dependence | 132 (10.9) | 104 (10.5) | .82 | 436 (30.9) | 638 (31.3) | .81 |
| Antidepressant use | 364 (29.9) | 397 (40.2) | <.001 | 1214 (86.0) | 1873 (91.9) | <.001 |
| Atypical antipsychotic use | 56 (4.6) | 69 (7.0) | .02 | 406 (28.8) | 733 (36.0) | <.001 |
| Physical Conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 375 (30.8) | 590 (59.8) | <.001 | 522 (37.0) | 1129 (55.4) | <.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 377 (31.0) | 564 (57.1) | <.001 | 548 (38.8) | 1156 (56.7) | <.001 |
| Smokingd | 457 (37.6) | 460 (46.6) | <.001 | 855 (60.6) | 1112 (54.5) | <.001 |
| PTSD psychotherapy visits per 15 wks | ||||||
| 0 | NA | NA | NA | 431 (30.6) | 600 (29.4) | .47 |
| 1-8 | NA | NA | 413 (29.3) | 577 (28.3) | ||
| ≥9 | NA | NA | 567 (40.2) | 862 (42.3) | ||
Abbreviations: HCU, health care use; ICM-9-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; NA, not applicable; VHA, Veterans Health Administration.
a
Not included in calculations because of small number in cell.
b
Comorbidities occur anytime in follow-up (fiscal years 2009 to 2015), prior to either diabetes onset or the last visit date.
c
A composite of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and anxiety not otherwise specified.
d
Current smoker per health factors records or ICD-9-CM code.