Table 2. Growth Parameters for P, INT, and EXT Within and Between Groups From Age 8 Years to Age 16 Years^a.

Variable	Intercept			Group Difference
	CAUG (95% CI)	FCG (95% CI)	NIG (95% CI)
P
Age, y
8	0.41 (0.17 to 0.67)b	0.30 (0.04 to 0.53)c	−0.40 (−0.56 to −0.18)b	NIG < CAUG,b FCGb
12	0.38 (0.20 to 0.59)b	0.18 (−0.01 to 0.37)c	−0.43 (−0.58 to −0.27)b	NIG < CAUG,b FCGb FCG < CAUGd
16	0.37 (0.13 to 0.60)e	0.07 (−0.18 to 0.29)	−0.47 (−0.72 to −0.24)b	NIG < CAUG,b FCGb FCG < CAUGc
Slope, ages 8-16 y	−0.02 (−0.19 to 0.14)	−0.12 (−0.26 to 0.04)d	−0.04 (−0.18 to 0.11)	No differences
INT
Age, y
8	0.07 (−0.17 to 0.30)	−0.11 (−0.36 to 0.11)	0.04 (−0.13 to 0.22)	No differences
12	0.04 (−0.12 to 0.20)	−0.05 (−0.21 to 0.11)	0.01 (−0.13 to 0.15)	No differences
16	0.03 (−0.20 to 0.27)	0.03 (−0.21 to 0.25)	−0.04 (−0.27 to 0.20)	No differences
Slope, ages 8-16 y	−0.02 (−0.20 to 0.16)	0.06 (−0.11 to 0.24)	−0.04 (−0.19 to 0.12)	No differences
EXT
Age, y
8	0.13 (−0.12 to 0.44)	0.16 (−0.11 to 0.39)	−0.17 (−0.36 to 0.07)d	NIG < CAUG,c FCGc
12	0.10 (−0.11 to 0.32)	−0.07 (−0.28 to 0.15)	−0.25 (−0.42 to −0.06)e	NIG < CAUG,c FCGd FCG < CAUGd
16	0.05 (−0.25 to 0.36)	−0.30 (−0.58 to −0.02)c	−0.35 (−0.66 to −0.05)e	CAUG > NIG,c FCGc
Slope, ages 8-16 y	−0.04 (−0.26 to 0.15)	−0.23 (−0.39 to −0.05)e	−0.08 (−0.26 to 0.08)	FCG > CAUGd,f

Abbreviations: CAUG, care as usual group; EXT, externalizing; FCG, foster care group; INT, internalizing; NIG, never-institutionalized group; P, general.

^aAll effects are based on 1-tailed directional tests and control for sex and birth weight. Coefficients are unstandardized, and covariates (sex and birth weight) are centered. Controlling for ethnicity did not substantively alter the pattern of results.

^bP < .001.

^cP < .05.

^dP < .10.

^eP < .01.

^fThis difference indicates that EXT of FCG declines at a quicker rate than CAUG.