Table 2. Comparison of Comorbidity Conditions in Individuals With DS With and Without Dementia.
| Comorbidity | No. (%) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DS (Total) (N = 878) |
DS With Dementia (n = 353) |
DS Without Dementia (n = 525) |
||
| Mean (SD); range | 2.9 (2.5); 0-15 | 3.4 (2.7); 0-15 | 2.5 (2.2); 0-11 | <.001 |
| Frequency | ||||
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| Hypertension | 196 (22.3) | 85 (24) | 111 (21.1) | .31 |
| Congestive heart failure | 107 (12.2) | 48 (13.4) | 59 (11.2) | .29 |
| Cardiovalvular disease | 41 (4.7) | 16 (4.5) | 25 (4.8) | .88 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 36 (4.1) | 15 (4.2) | 21 (4) | .86 |
| Arrhythmia | 32 (3.6) | 16 (4.5) | 16 (3) | .25 |
| Myocardial infarction | 19 (2.2) | 10 (2.8) | 9 (1.7) | .26 |
| Neuropsychiatric | ||||
| Epilepsy | 259 (29.5) | 145 (41.1) | 114 (21.7) | <.001 |
| Mood disorder | 87 (9.9) | 48 (13.6) | 39 (7.4) | .003 |
| Anxiety | 84 (9.6) | 43 (12.2) | 41 (7.7) | .03 |
| Psychosis | 43 (4.9) | 25 (7.1) | 18 (3.4) | .01 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 34 (3.9) | 16 (4.5) | 18 (3.4) | .41 |
| Alcohol use | 22 (2.5) | 15 (4.2) | 7 (1.3) | .007 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 16 (1.8) | 6 (1.7) | 10 (1.9) | .82 |
| Metabolism endocrine | ||||
| Hypothyroidism | 402 (45.8) | 183 (52) | 219 (41.7) | .003 |
| Anemia | 257 (29.3) | 122 (34.6) | 135 (25.7) | .005 |
| Dyslipidemia | 192 (21.9) | 89 (25.2) | 103 (19.6) | .05 |
| Diabetes | 101 (11.5) | 47 (13.3) | 54 (10.3) | .17 |
| Obesity | 73 (8.3) | 28 (7.9) | 45 (8.6) | .74 |
| Weight loss | 71 (8.1) | 45 (12.7) | 26 (5) | <.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 65 (7.4) | 32 (9.1) | 33 (6.3) | .12 |
| Other conditions | ||||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 165 (18.8) | 72 (20.4) | 93 (17.7) | .32 |
| Chronic renal failure | 89 (10.1) | 45 (12.6) | 44 (8.4) | .04 |
| Ulcer disease | 34 (3.9) | 12 (3.4) | 22 (4.2) | .55 |
| Tumor and hematologic disease | 33 (3.8) | 6 (1.7) | 27 (5.1) | .009 |
| Liver disease | 31 (3.5) | 13 (3.7) | 18 (3.4) | .84 |
| Rheumatism | 5 (.57) | 2 (.57) | 3 (.57) | >.99 |
| Tobacco use | 4 (.46) | 2 (.57) | 2 (.38) | >.99 |
Abbreviation: DS, Down syndrome.