Figure 1. Participant Flow Through a Randomized Clinical Trial of Protocolized Early Extubation to Noninvasive Weaning vs Protocolized Invasive Weaning Among Patients With Respiratory Failure.

^aThirty-four patients in the invasive ventilation group died during their inpatient stay. Three were withdrawn from the study during their inpatient stay (1 refused participation after being retrospectively approached for consent; 2 withdrew for personal reasons).

^bThirty-three patients in the noninvasive ventilation group died during their inpatient stay. Three were withdrawn from the study during their inpatient stay for personal reasons.

^cOne hundred sixty participants achieved liberation from ventilation. Twenty-two participants were censored (19 died, 2 were withdrawn from follow-up, and 1 was discharged without achieving liberation from ventilation and lost to follow-up).

^dOne hundred fifty-nine participants achieved liberation from ventilation. Twenty-three participants were censored (22 died and 1 was discharged without achieving liberation from ventilation and lost to follow-up).