Table 3. Unadjusted and Adjusted Subdistribution Hazard Ratios for Race/Ethnicity and Neonatal Morbidities (Infants <32 Weeks’ Gestation) Using Fetuses-at-Risk Approach .
| Outcome by Race | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Adjustedb | |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | |||
| Black | 5.14 (3.66-7.25) | 5.02 (3.52-7.16) | 4.40 (2.98-6.51) |
| Hispanic | 2.52 (1.79-3.54) | 2.60 (1.81-3.74) | 2.52 (1.71-3.73) |
| Asian | 1.27 (0.81-2.00) | 1.35 (0.85-2.17) | 1.41 (0.94-2.14) |
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | |||
| Black | 3.14 (1.88-5.22) | 3.09 (1.79-5.34) | 2.73 (1.63-4.57) |
| Hispanic | 2.15 (1.28-3.59)) | 2.18 (1.26-3.79) | 2.12 (1.28-3.52) |
| Asian | 0.85 (0.49-1.46) | 0.91 (0.54-1.54) | 0.97 (0.59-1.60) |
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | |||
| Black | 5.00 (2.94-8.53) | 5.04 (3.11-8.16) | 4.43 (2.88-6.81) |
| Hispanic | 2.15 (1.42-3.27) | 2.22 (1.50-3.3) | 2.18 (1.53-3.12) |
| Asian | 0.82 (0.54-1.24) | 0.84 (0.57-1.22) | 0.91 (0.63-1.31) |
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Retinopathy of prematurity | |||
| Black | 4.37 (2.88-6.64) | 3.70 (2.36-5.77) | 2.98 (2.01-4.40) |
| Hispanic | 2.46 (1.56-3.88) | 2.09 (1.31-3.36) | 1.99 (1.32-3.01) |
| Asian | 2.22 (1.31-3.77) | 2.12 (1.23-3.67) | 2.43 (1.43-4.11) |
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
a
Adjusted for sociodemographic factors (maternal age, parity, educational level, insurance status, and nativity; infant sex).
b
Additionally adjusted for maternal morbidities (pregestational hypertension, gestational hypertension, pregestational diabetes, gestational diabetes, placenta previa, obesity, and smoking status).