Figure. Study Flow Diagram.

Patients in the initial study cohort were classified into 4 groups (observation, closed reduction treatment, open treatment within 3 weeks of fracture, and open treatment between 3 weeks and 6 months after fracture) on the basis of initial nasal fracture treatment. Patients may not have met multiple exclusion criteria. There are patients who both did not meet enrollment criteria and had concomitant facial fracture. Adding the number of patients who met each exclusion criterion will result in a sum that is greater than the total number of patients excluded.