Table 3. Analysis of Factors Associated With Septorhinoplasty After Initial Treatment of Nasal Fracture.
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Age group, y | ||
| ≤17 | 3.17 (2.39-4.20) | 3.64 (2.57-5.14) |
| 18-34 | 5.88 (4.44-7.78) | 6.02 (4.26-8.50) |
| 35-44 | 5.65 (4.18-7.65) | 5.44 (3.79-7.8) |
| 45-54 | 4.75 (3.50-6.44) | 4.7 (3.29-6.72) |
| 55-64 | 4.05 (2.96-5.55) | 4.14 (2.90-5.90) |
| ≥65 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Male sex | 0.9 (0.81-1) | 0.82 (0.73-0.91) |
| Plan type | ||
| Comprehensive | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| EPO | 3.16 (1.94-5.12) | 1.14 (0.68-1.90) |
| HMO | 2.95 (2.17-4.01) | 1.1 (0.78-1.55) |
| POS | 2.43 (1.74-3.39) | 0.95 (0.65-1.37) |
| PPO | 2.63 (1.98-3.50) | 1.03 (0.75-1.43) |
| POS w/capitation | 1.39 (0.50-3.86) | 0.51 (0.18-1.44) |
| CDHP | 2.93 (2.04-4.22) | 1.1 (0.74-1.64) |
| HDHP | 2.43 (1.55-3.81) | 0.87 (0.54-1.40) |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | 0.99 (0.85-1.15) | 0.94 (0.80-1.10) |
| North central | 0.97 (0.84-1.12) | 1.03 (0.89-1.19) |
| South | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| West | 1.4 (1.22-1.61) | 1.30 (1.12-1.51) |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.59-1.42) | 0.87 (0.56-1.36) |
| Urban area | 1.28 (1.08-1.52) | 1.21 (1.01-1.44) |
| Year of fracture | ||
| 2008 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2009 | 1.07 (0.88-1.30) | 1.06 (0.87-1.29) |
| 2010 | 1 (0.82-1.21) | 0.94 (0.77-1.15) |
| 2011 | 1 (0.82-1.22) | 0.97 (0.79-1.18) |
| 2012 | 1 (0.82-1.21) | 0.95 (0.78-1.16) |
| 2013 | 1 (0.81-1.23) | 0.98 (0.79-1.21) |
| van Walraven index | 0.97 (0.96-0.98) | 1 (0.99-1.01) |
| Previous comorbidities | ||
| Tobacco use | 1.26 (0.92-1.74) | 1.02 (0.73-1.43) |
| Autoimmune or immunodeficiency disease | 1.07 (0.71-1.63) | 1.14 (0.74-1.76) |
| Anxiety | 1.61 (1.32-1.96) | 1.45 (1.18-1.78) |
| Deviated septum | 3.46 (2.90-4.12) | 2.26 (1.77-2.88) |
| Turbinate hypertrophy | 3.18 (2.45-4.13) | 1.03 (0.74-1.43) |
| Nasal obstruction | 2.64 (2.10-3.31) | 1.48 (1.14-1.93) |
| Other nasal injurya | 3.62 (2.59-5.04) | 1.50 (1.04-2.17) |
| Initial treatment | ||
| Observation | 1.05 (0.93-1.20) | 1.05 (0.92-1.19) |
| Closed | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Open within 3 wk | 2.26 (1.83-2.79) | 1.13 (0.89-1.45) |
| Open between 3 wk and 6 mo | 1.83 (1.41-2.38) | 1.22 (0.93-1.60) |
Abbreviations: CDHP, consumer-driven health plan; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high-deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; OR, odds ratio; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization.
a
Includes acquired and congenital deformities of the nose, late effect of fracture of skull and face, and malunion of previous fracture.