Table 3.
Associations between child body composition (fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) (exposures)) and nine CVD risk markers (outcomes) at age 8-9 years. Numbers are regression coefficients (β (95% CI)) for the associations between child FMI and LMI (kg/m2) and each of the vascular outcomes.
| Model 0 * | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | Model 3 § | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p | Adj β (95% CI) | p | Adj β (95% CI) | p | Adj β (95% CI) | p | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)* | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 1.64 (1.33, 1.96) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.25, 1.92) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.52, 1.30) | <0.001 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | 2.56 (2.00, 3.12) | <0.001 | 3.05 (2.46, 3.63) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.47, 2.85) | <0.001 | ||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 0.73 (0.46, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.25, 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.42 (0.08, 0.75) | 0.02 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | 0.29 (-0.19, 0.76) | 0.2 | 0.77 (0.26, 1.27) | 0.003 | 0.36 (-0.24, 0.96) | 0.2 | ||
| Pulse rate (bpm) | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 0.70 (0.34, 1.06) | <0.001 | 0.37 (-0.01, 0.75) | 0.06 | 0.93 (0.48, 1.38) | <0.001 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | -1.31 (-1.95, -0.68) | <0.001 | -0.88 (-1.56, -0.21) | 0.01 | -1.79 (-2.59, -0.99) | <0.001 | ||
| Carotid IMT (mm) | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 0.001 (-0.001, 0.004) | 0.4 | 0.002 (-0.001, 0.004) | 0.2 | -0.002 (-0.005, 0.001) | 0.1 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | 0.011 (0.007, 0.016) | <0.001 | 0.011 (0.006, 0.016) | <0.001 | 0.013 (0.008, 0.019) | <0.001 | ||
| Carotid DC (mm/10-3 kPa) | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | -0.69 (-1.54, 0.16) | 0.1 | -1.02 (-1.93, -0.12) | 0.03 | -0.48 (-1.56, 0.60) | 0.4 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | -2.58 (-4.08, -1.09) | 0.001 | -2.22 (-3.83, -0.61) | 0.007 | -1.75 (-3.68, 0.18) | 0.08 | ||
| Carotid-femoral PWV (m/s)* | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | <0.001 | 0.06 (0.03, 0.08) | <0.001 | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | <0.001 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | 0.03 (-0.01, 0.07) | 0.1 | 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) | 0.04 | -0.01 (-0.05, 0.04) | 0.7 | ||
| Carotid-radial PWV (m/s) | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | -0.01 (-0.05, 0.02) | 0.4 | -0.02 (-0.06, 0.02) | 0.3 | 0.02 (-0.02, 0.07) | 0.3 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04) | 0.002 | -0.12 (-0.19, -0.05) | <0.001 | -0.14 (-0.22, 0.06) | <0.001 | ||
| FMD (%) | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 0.21 (0.06, 0.36) | 0.008 | 0.19 (0.02, 0.36) | 0.03 | 0.23 (0.03, 0.43) | 0.03 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | 0.02 (-0.24, 0.28) | 0.9 | 0.09 (-0.19, 0.36) | 0.5 | -0.12 (-0.45, 0.21) | 0.5 | ||
| Reactive hyperemia (%)* | ||||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | -3 (-13, 8) | 0.6 | -8 (-19, 3) | 0.2 | -12 (-26, 1) | 0.08 | ||
| LMI (kg/m2) | -5 (-22, 12) | 0.6 | 1 (-17, 19) 0.9 | 12 (-10, 34) | 0.3 | |||
Model 0: Univariate associations between child LMI and FMI and each of the vascular outcomes
Model 1: Associations between child FMI and each of the vascular outcomes, adjusted for maternal education and child sex, age and hours doing sports/week
Model 2: Associations between child LMI and each of the vascular outcomes, adjusted for maternal education and child sex, age and hours doing sports/week
Model 3: Associations between child FMI and LMI and each of the vascular outcomes, adjusted for maternal education and child sex, age and hours doing sports/week, and mutually adjusting for one another.