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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 21.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Dec 15;58:46–62. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.009

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Exposure to maternal under- or over-nutrition during gestation, or early life overfeeding can have life-long consequences for immune system functioning, metabolism and behavior. The schematic illustrates two rodent models of prenatal programming, maternal undernutrition and maternal obesity; and one rodent model of neonatal programming, suckling rats in small litters, along with some examples of the physiological, metabolic, and behavioral changes that occur as a result. The schematic also illustrates a model of adult onset calorie restriction, which can have a number of health promoting benefits.

Abbreviations: CORT, corticosterone; CRP, C-reactive-protein; Hp, hippocampus; Hyp, hypothalamus; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor