Table 1.
Recent development in CNTs based hydrogel hybrids in biomedical fields.
| Application | Polymers used | Nano-fillers | Disease targeted/Drugs used | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug delivery | Molecularly imprinted polymers methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent | CNTs | Diclofenac Sodium | [111] |
| Methacrylic acid around carbon nanotubes in the presence of Quercetin as biologically active | CNTs | flavonoid | [112] | |
| Electro-responsive MWCNTs nanotube/poly(methylacrylic acid) (MWCNT/PMAA) | CNTs | Pulsatile drug delivery of various drugs. | [113] | |
| Electro-responsive hybrid hydrogel films developed using Acrylamide and N,N′-ethylene bisacrylamide | CNTs | The external electric voltage resulted in a faster release of anionic drugs, whereas a slower release was observed for cationic drugs. | [114] | |
| Hydrogel nanocomposite developed using grafting of acrylic acid (AA) on to kappa-carrageenan (κC) | MWCNTs | Adsorption of crystal violet and holds potential for similar kind of drugs. | [115] | |
| Tissue engineering/ scaffolds | Functional cardiac patches by seeding neonatal rat cardiomyocytes onto CNT-incorporated photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. | CNTs | Multifunctional cardiac scaffolds | [53] |
| Reinforced CNT–gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hybrid system as cell-responsive hydrogel platform for the creation of cell-laden three dimensional (3D) constructs | CNTs | Fabricating complex 3D biomimetic tissue-like structures. | [106] | |
| CNTs embedded aligned poly(glycerol sebacate):gelatin (PG) electrospun nano-fibers | CNTs | Hybrid scaffolds for engineering cardiac constructs | [116] | |
| Align CNTs within gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels | CNTs | To Fabricate Contractile Muscle Myofibers | [117] | |
| Hybrid hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels with SWNTs were then formed by cross-linking with divinyl sulfone | SWCNT | HA plays a dual role of matrix and linker for the rigid reinforcing nano-fibers. | [118] | |
| Aligned CNT forest microelectrode arrays and incorporating them into scaffolds for cell stimulation | CNTs | To engineering biohybrid tissue actuators | [119] | |
| hybrid hydrogel tissue scaffolds of calcium alginate/single- SWCNTs composite | SWCNT | Tissue engineering applications | [120] | |
| GelMA | CNTs | Tissue Engineering Cardiac Constructs and Bioactuators | [53, 121, 122] | |
| Biosensors | Pt nanoparticle (PtNP)-modified conducting polymer hydrogels CPH electrode. | CNTs | Biosensors for Human Metabolite Detection | [53] |
| Composite films developed by incubating an enzyme in a SWNTs solution and crosslinking done by poly[(vinylpyridine)Os(bipyridyl)2Cl2+/3+] polymer film | SWCNTs | Amperometric Biosensors | [123] | |
| Aligned MWCNT arrays instead of bulk random CNTs to fabricate composite films based on a poly(N-isopropyl acrylic amide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel. | MWCNTs | Potential applications in temperature or humidity sensors | [124] | |
| Fabrication as well as integration of active microstructures based on composites of 3DCNT frameworks and hydrogels. | CNTs | Useful in directing the actuation of gels and measuring stimuli responsiveness | [125] | |
| PAAm and MWCNT hydrogel composite | MWCNTs | Electromechanical actuation | [126] | |
| Orthopedics | ||||
| Hydroxyapatite and magnetically synthesized chitosan Nanocomposite | SWCNT | Bone Regeneration | [103] | |
| Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), | Helical rosette nanotubes | Bone Substitutes | [127] | |
| Chitosan and hydroxyapatite | MWCNTs | bone tissue engineering | [128] | |
| Polyethylene Glycol functionalization of SWCNT 3D nanocomposite scafold | SWCNT | Chondrocyte Growth and Cartilage Tissue Engineering | [129] | |
| Hydroxyapatite, chitosan and glycerol phosphate based thermosensitive hydrogels | CNTs | Injectable Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration | [130] | |
| poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) | MWCNTs | thermosensitive cell sheet engineering | [131] | |
| Chitosan, lactic acid, chitosan modified hydroxyapatite | CNTs | calcium deposits for bone regeneration | [132] | |
| Alginate | MWCNTs | Robust biological bone, breast, cardiac or tumor tissues engineering. | [133] | |
| Polylactic acid | CNTs | tendon and ligament applications | [134] | |
| Theranostic | ||||
| Chitosan, Graphite, designed peptide | CNTs | cancer diagnosis and therapeutics | [135] | |