Table 1.
Patient’s and disease’s characteristics at the beginning of first-line chemotherapy
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 704) | Gooda (N = 449; 63.8%) | Intermediatea (N = 74; 10.5%) | Poora (N = 181; 25.7%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (range) | 29.3 (13.1–61.5) | 30.54 (14.9–61.5) | 26.8 (16.0–49.6) | 26.9 (13.1–55.7) |
| Location of primary tumor | ||||
| Testis | 622 (88.4%) | 433 (96.4%) | 70 (94.6%) | 119 (65.8%) |
| Retroperitoneum | 26 (3.7%) | 9 (2.0%) | 3 (4.0%) | 14 (7.7%) |
| Mediastinum | 54 (7.7%) | 5 (1.1%) | 1 (1.4%) | 48 (26.5%) |
| Unknown | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0 | 0 |
| Tumor histology | ||||
| Seminoma | 106 (15.1%) | 99 (22.1%) | 7 (9.5%) | 0 |
| NSGCT | 598 (84.9%) | 350 (77.9%) | 67 (90.5%) | 181 (100%) |
| Predominant histology | ||||
| Embryonal | 257 (36.5%) | 205 (45.7%) | 22 (29.7%) | 30 (16.6%) |
| Choriocarcinoma | 48 (6.8%) | 1 (0.2%) | 5 (6.8%) | 42 (23.2%) |
| Yolk sac tumor | 69 (9.8%) | 16 (3.6%) | 9 (12.2%) | 44 (24.3%) |
| Teratoma | 65 (9.2%) | 29 (6.5%) | 7 (9.5%) | 29 (16.0%) |
| Mixed | 104 (14.8%) | 53 (11.8%) | 21 (28.4%) | 30 (16.6%) |
| Seminoma | 63 (9.0%) | 59 (13.1%) | 3 (4.0%) | 1 (0.6%) |
| Pure seminoma | 79 (11.2%) | 74 (16.5%) | 5 (6.8%) | 0 |
| Necrosis | 11 (1.6%) | 5 (1.1%) | 2 (2.7%) | 4 (2.2%) |
| IGCN (CIS) | 8 (1.1%) | 7 (1.6%) | 0 | 1 (0.6%) |
| Median serum AFP (ng/ml) (range) | 10.8 (0.2–280 000) | 5.9 (0.2–999) | 1323.6 (0.6–9653) | 270.3 (0.9–280 000) |
| Serum AFP | ||||
| <1000 | 578 (82.8%) | 444 (100%) | 29 (39.2%) | 105 (58.3%) |
| 1000–10 000 | 79 (11.3%) | 0 | 45 (60.8%) | 34 (18.9%) |
| ≥10 000 | 41 (5.9%) | 0 | 0 | 41 (22.8%) |
| Median serum HCG (mIU/ml) (range) | 21.7 (0–1 700 000) | 6.2 (0–4981.9) | 1334.5 (0–41 000) | 10838.0 (0.5–1 700 000) |
| Serum HCG | ||||
| <5000 | 571 (81.8%) | 444 (100%) | 44 (59.5%) | 83 (46.1%) |
| 5000–50 000 | 51 (7.3%) | 0 | 30 (40.5%) | 21 (11.7%) |
| ≥50 000 | 76 (10.9%) | 0 | 0 | 76 (42.2%) |
| Metastatic site(s) | ||||
| Retroperitoneum | 555 (78.8%) | 362 (80.6%) | 68 (91.9%) | 125 (69.1%) |
| Pulmonary | 270 (38.4%) | 96 (21.4%) | 41 (55.4%) | 133 (73.5%) |
| NPVM | 93 (13.2%) | 0 | 5 (6.8%) | 88 (48.6%) |
| Liver | 60 (8.5%) | 0 | 1 (1.4%) | 59 (32.6%) |
| Brainb | 34 (4.8%) | 0 | 3 (4.1%) | 31 (17.1%) |
| Boneb | 16 (2.3%) | 0 | 2 (2.7%) | 14 (7.7%) |
| Other | 12 (1.7%) | 0 | 1 (1.4%) | 11 (6.1%) |
| First-line chemotherapy | ||||
| BEPX3 | 384 (54.6%) | 371 (82.6%) | 7 (9.5%) | 6 (3.3%) |
| BEPX4 | 123 (17.5%) | 6 (1.3%) | 26 (35.1%) | 91 (50.3%) |
| BEPX3+EPX1 | 69 (9.8%) | 15 (3.3%) | 33 (44.6%) | 21 (11.6%) |
| EPX4 | 42 (6.0%) | 41 (9.1%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 |
| VIPX4 | 50 (7.1%) | 0 | 2 (2.7%) | 48 (26.5%) |
| Other | 36 (5.1%) | 16 (3.6%) | 5 (6.8%) | 15 (8.3%) |
a
Risk per IGCCCG classification.
b
Brain/bone imaging was not mandatory.
NPVM, nonpulmonary visceral metastasis; IGCCCG, International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; IU, International unit; NSGCT, nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor; IGCN, intratubular GERM cell neoplasia.