Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the prostate cancer PLCO study in overall survival
| Characteristics | Frequency | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysisa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Deaths (%) | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Overall | 1150 | 215 (18.7) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Median (range) | 67 (55–81) | |||||
| <67 | 544 | 70 (12.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥67 | 606 | 145 (23.9) | 2.24 (1.68–2.98) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.34–2.42) | <0.001 |
| PSA before diagnosis (ng/ml) | ||||||
| Median (range) | 6.1 (0.05–1137) | |||||
| <6.1 | 572 | 89 (15.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥6.1 | 578 | 126 (21.8) | 1.38 (1.05–1.81) | 0.021 | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 0.887 |
| Gleason score | ||||||
| 2 ≥ & ≤ 6 | 567 | 96 (16.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| =7 | 464 | 76 (16.4) | 1.19 (0.88–1.61) | 0.254 | 1.23 (0.90–1.70) | 0.199 |
| ≥8 | 114 | 41 (36.0) | 3.13 (2.17–4.53) | < 0.001 | 2.52 (1.68–3.77) | <0.001 |
| Missing | 5 | |||||
| Stage | ||||||
| I/II | 913 | 153 (16.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| III/IV | 237 | 62 (26.2) | 1.62 (1.20–2.17) | 0.002 | 1.76 (1.26–2.46) | 0.001 |
| Aggressivenessb | ||||||
| Non-aggressive | 489 | 78 (16.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Aggressive | 659 | 137 (20.8) | 1.65 (1.24–2.18) | 0.001 | 1.89 (1.40–2.56) | <0.001 |
| Missing | 2 | |||||
| Types of treatments | ||||||
| Radical prostatectomy | 614 | 75 (12.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Radiotherapy alone | 194 | 46 (23.7) | 2.00 (1.39–2.89) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.39–3.06) | <0.001 |
| Radiotherapy + endocrine therapy | 202 | 40 (19.8) | 1.96 (1.34–2.88) | 0.001 | 1.56 (1.03–2.36) | 0.035 |
| Endocrine therapy alone | 54 | 29 (53.7) | 7.21 (4.68–11.09) | <0.001 | 4.28 (2.64–6.92) | <0.001 |
| Other treatments | 86 | 25 (29.1) | 2.53 (1.61–3.98) | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.65–4.36) | <0.001 |
aMultivariate Cox regression analyses were adjusted for age, Gleason score, PSA level, stage and primary treatments. In subgroup of ‘Aggressiveness’, we included age, PSA level and primary treatment for adjustments.
bNon-aggressive: cases with a Gleason score < 7 and stage < III; Aggressive: cases with a Gleason score ≥ 7 or stage ≥ III.