TABLE 2.
Distribution of plasma phospholipid SFAs among GDM cases and non-GDM controls1
| GDM cases (n = 107), % | Non-GDM controls (n = 214), % | P 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational weeks 10–14 | |||
| Even-chain SFAs | |||
| Sum of even-chain SFAs3 | 40.6 (40.1–41.4) | 39.9 (39.2–40.8) | <0.0001 |
| Myristic acid (14:0) | 0.31 (0.26–0.36) | 0.30 (0.24–0.36) | 0.24 |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | 27.9 (27.1–28.9) | 27.1 (26.0–28.3) | <0.0001 |
| Stearic acid (18:0) | 12.6 (11.8–13.4) | 12.6 (12.0–13.4) | 0.63 |
| Odd-chain SFAs | |||
| Sum of odd-chain SFAs3 | 0.62 (0.55–0.72) | 0.68 (0.61–0.75) | <0.0001 |
| Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) | 0.23 (0.19–0.27) | 0.24 (0.20–0.29) | 0.01 |
| Heptadecanoic acid (17:0) | 0.39 (0.35–0.45) | 0.44 (0.38–0.49) | <0.0001 |
| Gestational weeks 15–26 | |||
| Even-chain SFAs | |||
| Sum of even-chain SFAs3 | 41.1 (40.3–42.8) | 40.7 (39.8–41.9) | 0.04 |
| Myristic acid (14:0) | 0.32 (0.26–0.36) | 0.32 (0.27–0.37) | 0.18 |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | 29.2 (28.3–30.2) | 28.6 (27.4–29.7) | 0.02 |
| Stearic acid (18:0) | 11.8 (11.4–12.7) | 12.0 (11.5–12.7) | 0.56 |
| Odd-chain SFAs | |||
| Sum of odd-chain SFAs3 | 0.62 (0.53–0.68) | 0.68 (0.60–0.77) | <0.0001 |
| Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) | 0.24 (0.19–0.27) | 0.25 (0.21–0.30) | 0.0001 |
| Heptadecanoic acid (17:0) | 0.37 (0.34–0.42) | 0.41 (0.37–0.46) | <0.0001 |
1Values are medians (25th–75th percentiles). GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.
2 P values for differences between cases and controls were obtained by linear mixed models with associated likelihood ratio tests, accounting for matched case-control pairs (likelihood ratio tests).
3Sum of even-chain SFAs = sum of myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), and stearic acid (18:0); sum of odd-chain SFAs = sum of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0).