TABLE 4.
ORs (95% CIs) for subsequent risk of GDM according to quartiles of plasma phospholipid SFAs at gestational weeks 10–14 and 15–261
| Gestational weeks 10–14, % | Gestational weeks 15–26, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Multivariable2 | Crude | Multivariable2 | |
| Even-chain SFAs | ||||
| Sum of even-chain SFAs3 | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 (reference) | 1.63 (0.51, 5.17) | 1.86 (0.52, 6.62) | 1.90 (0.79, 4.55) | 2.03 (0.69, 5.95) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 8.26 (2.92, 23.30) | 10.7 (3.20, 35.60) | 3.69 (1.59, 8.56) | 3.56 (1.29, 9.84) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 13.7 (4.19, 45.00) | 13.0 (3.41, 49.50) | 5.97 (2.06, 17.30) | 6.56 (1.84, 23.40) |
| P-trend4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Myristic acid (14:0) | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 1.54 (0.73, 3.24) | 1.74 (0.77, 3.92) | 0.73 (0.35, 1.54) | 0.80 (0.33, 1.93) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 2.18 (1.02, 4.67) | 2.32 (1.01, 5.31) | 0.68 (0.30, 1.56) | 1.62 (0.72, 3.62) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 1.67 (0.71, 3.92) | 2.40 (0.93, 6.16) | 1.14 (0.55, 2.39) | 1.25 (0.48, 3.27) |
| P-trend4 | 0.166 | 0.056 | 0.542 | 0.353 |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 1.84 (0.69, 4.88) | 1.35 (0.47, 3.90) | 3.45 (1.45, 8.22) | 5.12 (1.79, 14.60) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 6.38 (2.43, 16.70) | 5.25 (1.91, 14.40) | 3.47 (1.44, 8.36) | 3.98 (1.41, 11.20) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 6.22 (2.36, 16.40) | 4.76 (1.72, 13.10) | 4.74 (1.82, 12.30) | 6.38 (2.06, 19.80) |
| P-trend4 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Stearic acid (18:0) | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 0.52 (0.27, 1.02) | 0.55 (0.26, 1.19) | 0.94 (0.47, 1.87) | 0.80 (0.37, 1.73) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 0.67 (0.34, 1.31) | 0.81 (0.38, 1.73) | 0.58 (0.28, 1.23) | 0.63 (0.27, 1.49) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 0.71 (0.35, 1.44) | 0.84 (0.37, 1.91) | 1.05 (0.48, 2.29) | 1.03 (0.43, 2.48) |
| P-trend4 | 0.403 | 0.812 | 0.908 | 0.980 |
| Odd-chain SFAs | ||||
| Sum of odd-chain SFAs3 | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 0.29 (0.14, 0.62) | 0.31 (0.14, 0.72) | 0.46 (0.23, 0.91) | 0.48 (0.22, 1.07) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 0.29 (0.14, 0.62) | 0.30 (0.13, 0.68) | 0.37 (0.18, 0.77) | 0.41 (0.18, 0.93) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 0.22 (0.10, 0.53) | 0.32 (0.12, 0.83) | 0.10 (0.03, 0.29) | 0.11 (0.03, 0.42) |
| P-trend4 | <0.0001 | 0.005 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 0.79 (0.39, 1.59) | 0.70 (0.33, 1.49) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.27) | 0.53 (0.22, 1.30) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 0.49 (0.23, 1.05) | 0.47 (0.20, 1.10) | 0.44 (0.19, 0.99) | 0.44 (0.18, 1.12) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 0.28 (0.10, 0.74) | 0.32 (0.11, 0.92) | 0.16 (0.06, 0.48) | 0.17 (0.05, 0.62) |
| P-trend4 | 0.007 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Heptadecanoic acid (17:0) | ||||
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 0.59 (0.32, 1.10) | 0.66 (0.34, 1.29) | 0.41 (0.21, 0.81) | 0.44 (0.20, 0.99) |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 0.39 (0.20, 0.77) | 0.51 (0.24, 1.07) | 0.40 (0.20, 0.82) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.74) |
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 0.20 (0.08, 0.47) | 0.20 (0.07, 0.58) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.36) | 0.14 (0.04, 0.43) |
| P-trend4 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
1GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; Q, quartile.
2Adjusted for age (years), gestational age at blood collection (weeks), parity (nulliparous or multiparous), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2; <25.0, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or 35.0–44.9).
3Sum of even-chain SFAs = sum of myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), and stearic acid (18:0); sum of odd-chain SFAs = sum of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0).
4Obtained by using the median value for each quartile and fitting it as a continuous variable in the conditional logistic regression models.