Table 1.

Research priorities for ‘treat all’ policy in sub-Saharan Africa

Implementation and operations	Metrics for monitoring impact
• Develop, adapt and evaluate valid and reliable screening methods for substance use, including injection and non-injection drug use • Integration of low-cost and reliable point-of-care testing for alcohol use among patients receiving HIV care • Develop, implement and evaluate screening and treatment/referral protocols for substance use disorders that can be integrated into HIV treatment and implemented by non-specialists • Identify barriers and facilitators to the integration of the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders with HIV care	• Estimate and characterise availability of evidence-based substance use disorder prevention and treatment services • Assess substance use effects, including time-varying changes in patterns of injection and non-injection substance use, on HIV outcomes (e.g., ART adherence, HIV viral suppression and sustained HIV viral suppression) through longitudinal studies • Evaluate substance use effects, including time-varying changes in patterns of injection and non-injection substance use, on co-occurring infections and non-communicable diseases through longitudinal studies

Implementation and operations

Metrics for monitoring impact

•
Develop, adapt and evaluate valid and reliable screening methods for substance use, including injection and non-injection drug use
•
Integration of low-cost and reliable point-of-care testing for alcohol use among patients receiving HIV care
•
Develop, implement and evaluate screening and treatment/referral protocols for substance use disorders that can be integrated into HIV treatment and implemented by non-specialists
•
Identify barriers and facilitators to the integration of the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders with HIV care

•
Estimate and characterise availability of evidence-based substance use disorder prevention and treatment services
•
Assess substance use effects, including time-varying changes in patterns of injection and non-injection substance use, on HIV outcomes (e.g., ART adherence, HIV viral suppression and sustained HIV viral suppression) through longitudinal studies
•
Evaluate substance use effects, including time-varying changes in patterns of injection and non-injection substance use, on co-occurring infections and non-communicable diseases through longitudinal studies