Table 3.

Patterns of 5-MeO-DMT use in the total sample and in each subtype of 5-MeO-DMT subsample

Characteristic	Total sample n=515a M(SD) or %	Synthetic n=284b M(SD) or %	Toad n=148c M(SD) or %	Plant Extract/Yopo n=83d M(SD) or %	X2	Post hoc
Type of 5-MeO-DMT ever used
Chemical/Synthetic	64%	99	14	33	348.94.60***	S > P > T
Toad Venom/Bufotoxin	34	9	99	5	392.31***	S = P < T
Plant Extract/Yopo	27	15	12	95	236.43***	S = T < P
Other	3	4	1	2	2.28
Unsure	3	2	3	5	2.47
Typical route of administration					51.64***
Swallowed	6%	7	1	10		T<S=P
Snorted	10	13	0	17		T<S=P
Smoked/Vaporized	81	76	98	70		S=P<T
Other (e.g., Injected, sublingual, rectal)	3	4	1	4
Age at first use					105.68***
Less than 18	6%	8	2	7		S>T
18-29	49	62	19	61		S=P>T
30-39	22	15	34	22		S<T
40-49	15	11	29	7		S=P<T
50-69	8	5	16	2		S=P<T
Number of lifetime uses of 5-MeO-DMT					51.12***
1-2	38%	31	59	27		S=P<T
3-4	21	20	23	19		NS
5-10	20	23	11	25		S=P>T
11+	21	26	7	29		S=P>T
Frequency of use^					25.40***
Once per month or more	13%	14	10	15		NS
Less than once per month but more than once per year	32	27	41	37		S<T
About once per year	16	12	23	23		S<T
Less than once per year	38	48	26	25		S>T=P
Location Used					121.37***
Own apartment/house	50	62	15	68		T<S=P
Friend’s apartment/house	14	14	16	12		NS
Outdoors	19	12	34	13		T>S=P
Church/Spiritual location	7	3	17	5		T>S=P
Other	10	8	19	2		T>S=P
Source of 5-MeO-DMT					266.72***
A guide/session leader	30	9	79	15		S=P<T
The internet	26	41	2	17		T<P<S
A friend	29	36	7	46		T<S=P
Other (e.g., family member)	15	15	12	23		NS
Average number of other people using at the same time	2.09 (3.28)	1.26 (1.73)	4.02 (4.78)	1.48 (2.63)	41.64***	S=P<T
Average number of other people around but not using	1.60 (6.88)	0.94 (3.60)	1.93 (1.90)	3.24 (15.50)	3.87*	S<P
Stability of past year consumption					24.01***
Decreased	40	48	25	36		S>T
Stayed the same	46	41	56	51		S<T
Increased	14	11	20	13		S<T
	Total Sample	Synthetic	Toad	Plant/Other/Unsure	F or X2	Post hoc
Proportion of sample who ranked each reason for taking 5-MeO-DMT as their top reason					45.05***
Spiritual exploration	68%	64	77	68		S<T
Recreation	18	27	2	17		T<S=P
Healing/ psychological treatment	14	9	21	16		S<T
Types of administration (all that apply)
Self-administer	61%	81	15	75	188.62***	T<P=S
Shamanic practitioner	34	15	76	23	167.44***	T>P=S
Friend or peer sitter	28	32	16	33	13.82**	T<S=P
Other (e.g., Clergy, clinical professional)	2	3	15	1	4.87
Milligrams typically used (based on type of 5-MeO-DMT they have the most experience with)					84.20***
Unknown	38%	25	56	48		S<T=P
0-10	25	34	10	22		T<P=S
11-50	29	37	16	23		S>T
51+	9	5	18	7		S<T
Frequency of re-dosing immediately after coming down from first dose					20.88**
Never	61%	59	74	47		S=P<T
Sometimes	28	30	18	40		S=P>T
Frequently	5	5	3	8		NS
Always	6	7	5	5		NS
Most experience with which other psychedelic substance					45.61***
LSD/Acid	53%	57	39	62		S=P>T
Mushrooms	19	17	20	20		NS
Ayahuasca/DMT	13	7	29	7		S=P<T
Other	15	18	13	11		NS
Frequency of using other psychedelic substance					14.85
Less than once per year	27%	26	32	21
About once per year	10	14	5	6
Once every six months	20	19	21	21
About once every other month	18	17	19	20
About once per month	25	24	23	32
Total lifetime doses of other psychedelic substance					15.99*
1-10	28%	26	36	22		NS
11-30	30	28	33	31		NS
31-100	22	22	20	25		NS
101 or more	20	25	10	22		S=P>T
Intensity of 5-MeO-DMT compared to other psychedelic substance					8.34
Less intense	22%	24	19	21
Same intensity	14	17	9	14
More intense	64	59	72	65
Experienced craving for 5-MeO-DMT					0.11
Yes	8%	7	7	8
Number of past reduction attempts					3.61
0	95%	94	97	95
1	4	5	2	2
2+	1	1	1	2
Number of increase attempts					5.69
0	68%	66	75	64
1	16	16	16	18
2+	15	18	10	18
Number of quit attempts					4.52
0	96%	94	98	95
1	4	5	2	4
2+	<1	.4	0	1
Last time used 5-MeO-DMT					45.21***
Within the past month	24%	19	27	35		S<P
Between one and six months ago	23	18	32	24		S<T
Between six and twelve months ago	13	11	18	8		NS
More than one year ago	41	53	23	33		S>T=P
Ever arrested/in legal trouble due to 5-MeO-DMT use					1.63
Yes	1%	1	0	1
Therapy or psychiatric services as a result of 5-MeO-DMT use					0.20
Yes	1%	1	1	1
Medical treatment as a result of 5-MeO-DMT use					2.09
Yes	1%	1	1	2
Potential psychological or spiritual applications of 5-MeO-DMT
Personal growth	90%	88	94	92	4.04
Spiritual growth	89	85	96	92	12.28**	S<T
Psychotherapeutic work	84	81	87	87	2.90

Note. When the standard deviation is greater than the mean the data is skewed do to a large proportion of zeros.

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001;

Abbreviations: S = Synthetic/Chemical; T = Toad Venom; P = Plant Extract/Yopo; 5-MeO-DMT = 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

^arange is 504-515

^brange is 279-284

^crange is 144-148

^drange is 81-83

^{^}Only responded if lifetime use was > 1 time (Total sample = 398; Synthetic = 231; Toad = 92; Plant Extract/Yopo = 75)