Table 3. Comparison between divers and controls in terms of osteoporotic vertebral fracture.
| Variables | Fracture (n = 31) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diver (n = 14) | Control (n = 17) | P value | |||
| Age, yr | 72.5 ± 4.9 (64, 80) | 73.4 ± 4.5 (66, 82) | 0.62 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.9 (18, 34.7) | 24.3 ± 2.9 (17.7, 28.2) | 0.49a | ||
| DXA | |||||
| Lumbar spine | |||||
| T-score | −2.09 ± 1.54 (−4.15–0.1) | −2.33 ± 1.12 (−3.5, 0.1) | 0.80a | ||
| BMD, g/cm2 | 0.82 ± 0.15 (0.59, 0.99) | 0.82 ± 0.16 (0.62, 1.16) | 0.71a | ||
| Femur neck | |||||
| T-score | −2.33 ± 0.66 (−3.6, −1.2) | −2.56 ± 0.95 (−4.2, −0.7) | 0.44 | ||
| BMD, g/cm2 | 0.61 ± 0.08 (0.44, 0.72) | 0.60 ± 0.14 (0.35, 0.90) | 0.85 | ||
| Global sagittal balance parameters | |||||
| SVA, mm | 80.1 ± 31.6 (−21.4, 133.4) | 43.7 ± 39.5 (−15.4, 108.1) | <0.01 | ||
| SVA/SFD | 1.18 ± 0.49 (0.27, 2.3) | 0.78 ± 0.90 (0.18, 2.94) | 0.01a | ||
| Spino-sacral angle, ° | 102.5 ± 20.0 (61.3, 125.5) | 102.8 ± 18.1 (60.4, 122.4) | 0.95a | ||
| Compensation parameters | |||||
| C-lordosis, ° | 22.7 ± 11.3 (9.1, 44.5) | 15.8 ± 14.8 (−5.4, 42.3) | 0.17a | ||
| T-Kyphosis, ° | 23.1 ± 20.5 (0.26, 58.6) | 30.3 ± 12.8 (12.3, 54.1) | 0.26 | ||
| L-lordosis, ° | 25.5 ± 18.2 (−4.37, 53.8) | 35.6 ± 14.0 (9.2, 60.3) | 0.09 | ||
| Pelvic tilt, ° | 35.6 ± 11.6 (12, 49) | 31.4 ± 11.9 (9.8, 50) | 0.33 | ||
Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (range) or number (%).
BMI = body mass index, DXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD = bone mineral density, SVA = sagittal vertical axis, SFD = sacro-femoral distance.
aMann-Whitney test was performed because data of at least one group is not normally distributed.