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. 2018 Nov 21;8:17154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35295-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measurement of the time required for cutting the tibia and tongue. (a–d) Force-time graph of tibias: (a) Carbide bur, (b) Fissure bur, (c) Round bur, and (d) Piezosurgery. (e–h) Force-time graph of tongues: (e) Carbide bur, (f) Fissure bur, (g) Round bur, and (h) Piezosurgery. (i) Comparison of time required to cut the tibia among the instruments (n = 6; Games-Howell test, P < 0.05). Carbide and fissure burs (P = 0.001), carbide and round burs (P = 0.002), fissure and round burs (P = 0.003), fissure bur and piezosurgery (P = 0.002), round bur and piezosurgery (P = 0.003). (j) Comparison of time required to cut the tongue among the instruments (n = 6; Games-Howell test, P < 0.05). Carbide and fissure burs (P = 0.454), carbide and round burs (P < 0.001), fissure and round burs (P < 0.001). The result for piezosurgery was not shown because the tongue was not cut within 20 s.